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Ciencia Básica y Patogénesis

Amanda Muliterno Domingues Lourenço de Lima1, Marco De Bastiani1, Wyllians Vendramini Borelli1

  • 1Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association
|December 24, 2025
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Las alteraciones del microbioma intestinal están relacionadas con la progresión de la enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) en ancianos brasileños. Se observaron cambios microbianos fecales en diferentes etapas cognitivas, lo que sugiere un papel del microbioma intestinal en el envejecimiento y la neurodegeneración.

Palabras clave:
microbioma intestinalmicrobioma oralenvejecimientodeterioro cognitivoenfermedad de Alzheimerancianos brasileños

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Investigación del microbioma; Neurociencia; Estudios sobre el envejecimiento

Sus antecedentes:

  • La longevidad está influenciada por la genética, el estilo de vida y el medio ambiente, que pueden alterar la microbiota.; Los cambios en la microbiota pueden afectar la susceptibilidad a la enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) y al deterioro cognitivo.; Hipótesis: La composición del microbioma en ancianos se correlaciona con las etapas clínicas de la EA.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar la microbiota oral y intestinal en una población brasileña longeva.; Examinar la relación entre la microbiota y el deterioro cognitivo en el continuo de la EA.; Caracterizar las diferencias microbianas en individuos cognitivamente sanos (CU), con deterioro cognitivo leve (MCI) y con EA.

Principales métodos:

  • Estudio piloto de 12 personas de edad avanzada (>65 años) de un punto caliente de longevidad brasileño.; Evaluación clínico-cognitiva utilizando la escala Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR).; Secuenciación del gen ARNr 16S (regiones V3-V4) de muestras de saliva y heces, analizada mediante DADA2 y SILVA para la asignación taxonómica.

Principales resultados:

  • Diversidad alfa similar entre grupos; riqueza salival reducida en MCI.; El PCoA fecal mostró separaciones distintas de los grupos (MCI/AD similar); las muestras de saliva fueron más uniformes.; Alteraciones en los filos fecales (Bacillota, Bacteroidota, Pseudomonadota) y géneros (Bacteroides, Blautia, Faecalibacterium) en MCI/AD.; Elevación de Streptococcus fecal exclusivamente en el grupo AD.; Cambios salivales incluyeron Prevotellaceae, Streptococcaceae, Prevotella, Streptococcus, Haemophilus y Neisseria en MCI/AD.

Conclusiones:

  • La microbiota fecal muestra cambios específicos de la etapa clínica a lo largo del continuo de la EA.; La microbiota salival parece ser más estable, lo que indica adaptaciones microbianas distintas.; Se resaltan las alteraciones del microbioma en el envejecimiento y la neurodegeneración, lo que podría influir en la resiliencia.