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Comprensión de la relación desvinculación-estrés: un modelo mediacional de dos oleadas

Chiara Consiglio1, Nicoletta Massa1, Ferdinando Paolo Santarpia1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.

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Resumen

La desvinculación psicológica ayuda a los profesionales de la salud a evitar el agotamiento al reducir la transferencia del trabajo al hogar. Esta desconexión mental del trabajo es clave para la recuperación y la prevención del agotamiento.

Palabras clave:
agotamientoprofesionales de la saluddesvinculación psicológicatransferenciamodelo de estresor-desvinculación

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Psicología de la Salud Ocupacional
  • Investigación sobre Estrés y Recuperación
  • Bienestar de los Profesionales de la Salud

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los profesionales de la salud se enfrentan a importantes factores estresantes relacionados con el trabajo, lo que aumenta el riesgo de agotamiento.
  • El agotamiento es una dimensión clave del agotamiento, influenciada por los factores estresantes relacionados con el trabajo.
  • La desvinculación psicológica (desconexión mental del trabajo) es un mecanismo de recuperación vital, pero sus efectos a largo plazo sobre el agotamiento no están claros.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar la relación longitudinal entre la desvinculación psicológica y el agotamiento en los profesionales de la salud.
  • Examinar el papel mediador de la transferencia negativa del trabajo al hogar en la vía de desvinculación-agotamiento.
  • Explorar las vías inversas potenciales entre estos constructos.

Principales métodos:

  • Un estudio longitudinal de dos oleadas que involucró a 258 profesionales de la salud de un hospital italiano.
  • Datos recopilados a través de cuestionarios de autoinforme durante un período de dos años.
  • Se utilizó el modelado de ecuaciones estructurales para probar un modelo de mediación que integra la teoría de la Conservación de los Recursos y el Modelo de Estresor-Recuperación.

Principales resultados:

  • La desvinculación psicológica en el Momento 1 predijo significativamente una menor transferencia del trabajo al hogar en el Momento 2.
  • La reducción de la transferencia del trabajo al hogar predijo posteriormente un menor agotamiento, lo que confirma la mediación completa.
  • La transferencia del trabajo al hogar en el Momento 1 predijo negativamente la desvinculación en el Momento 2, lo que indica un posible ciclo de pérdida.

Conclusiones:

  • La desvinculación psicológica es crucial para prevenir el agotamiento a largo plazo en los profesionales de la salud.
  • La reducción de la transferencia del trabajo al hogar es el mecanismo clave a través del cual la desvinculación promueve la recuperación.
  • Los hallazgos respaldan las intervenciones dirigidas a mejorar la desvinculación psicológica para mejorar el bienestar de los trabajadores de la salud.