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Experiencias de estudiantes de enfermería en la promoción de la salud mental escolar: un estudio cualitativo en Chile

Carmen Gloria Tapia Mercado¹, María Paz Sánchez-Sepúlveda¹, Daniela Solange Eichele Carrillo¹

¹Facultad de Ciencias para el Cuidado de la Salud, Escuela de Enfermería, Universidad San Sebastián, Puerto Montt 5480000, Chile.

Nursing reports (Pavia, Italy)

|December 24, 2025

Resumen

Estudiantes de enfermería

Área de la Ciencia:

Educación de Enfermería
Salud Mental Infantil y Adolescente
Promoción de la Salud Escolar

Sus antecedentes:

La creciente prevalencia de problemas de salud mental en niños y adolescentes requiere intervenciones en el ámbito escolar.
El papel de las enfermeras escolares no está definido en Chile, lo que afecta la prevención y el apoyo.
Comprender las experiencias de los estudiantes de enfermería es crucial para el desarrollo curricular y la identidad profesional.

Objetivo del estudio:

Explorar las experiencias de los estudiantes de tercer año de enfermería en la promoción de la salud mental escolar.
Informar el desarrollo curricular para la educación de enfermería en salud mental.
Fortalecer la identidad profesional de las futuras enfermeras escolares.

Principales métodos:

Estudio cualitativo con enfoque fenomenológico realizado a 64 estudiantes de tercer año de enfermería.
Recopilación de datos mediante entrevistas individuales y un grupo focal, transcritos y analizados con ATLAS.ti.
El rigor se aseguró mediante las directrices COREQ y la confiabilidad según los criterios de Lincoln y Guba.

Principales resultados:

Los temas emergentes incluyeron el papel de la enfermería en la promoción de la salud mental, la promoción de la salud como prevención, los desafíos del proceso educativo, el desarrollo de la autoeficacia y la implementación de proyectos.
Facilitadores: apoyo del profesorado, colaboración con los profesores, cohesión grupal.
Barreras: experiencia limitada, manejo de niños, factores ambientales.

Conclusiones:

Las prácticas de promoción de la salud mental escolar integran teoría y práctica, mejorando la identidad profesional y las habilidades de comunicación.
Es vital fortalecer sistemáticamente el currículo de pregrado para preparar a las enfermeras para roles de salud escolar y comunitaria.
La integración de estas experiencias promueve la detección temprana, la colaboración interprofesional y entornos escolares más saludables.

Palabras clave:

comunidad de práctica promoción de la salud enfermería servicios de salud mental escolar estudiantes

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