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Manifestaciones Clínicas

Joana Emilia Senger¹, Luiza Santos Machado², Maiele Dornelles Silveira³

¹Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association

|December 25, 2025

Resumen

La COVID persistente puede afectar las puntuaciones cognitivas globales, especialmente en personas con menor nivel educativo. Una mayor educación puede ofrecer resiliencia cognitiva contra los efectos neurológicos de la COVID persistente.

Área de la Ciencia:

Neurociencia
Salud Pública
Ciencia Cognitiva

Sus antecedentes:

La COVID persistente, una condición persistente después de la infección por SARS-CoV-2, se presenta con diversos síntomas, incluidos efectos neurológicos.
Comprender el impacto de la COVID persistente en la función cognitiva es crucial para las estrategias de salud pública.
El nivel educativo es un factor conocido que influye en la reserva cognitiva y la resiliencia.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar cómo la COVID persistente afecta el rendimiento neuropsicológico en adultos.
Examinar el papel del nivel educativo (alto vs. bajo) en el impacto cognitivo de la COVID persistente.
Identificar posibles disparidades en los resultados cognitivos basadas en la educación y el estado de COVID persistente.

Principales métodos:

Se reclutaron adultos que residen en la comunidad en Porto Alegre, Brasil, y se clasificaron en cuatro grupos: Control con Baja Educación, Control con Alta Educación, COVID persistente con Baja Educación y COVID persistente con Alta Educación.
Las evaluaciones neuropsicológicas incluyeron el Mini-Examen del Estado Mental (MMSE), el Test de Conexión de Trazos (TMT-B) y la Escala de Memoria de Wechsler (WMS-R).
Se emplearon análisis de Varianza (ANOVA) y pruebas de Kruskal Wallis para analizar las diferencias entre grupos, con un nivel de significancia estadística establecido en p < 0,05.

Principales resultados:

Se analizaron un total de 122 participantes (edad media 59,6 años, 73,8% mujeres).
Se observaron puntuaciones más bajas en el MMSE en el grupo de Control con Baja Educación en comparación con el grupo de Control con Alta Educación (p=0,007).
El grupo de COVID persistente con Baja Educación también mostró puntuaciones significativamente más bajas en el MMSE que el grupo de Control con Alta Educación (p=0,009), lo que indica un efecto de la educación en el rendimiento cognitivo, pero no se encontró un efecto específico de la COVID persistente en otros dominios cognitivos.

Conclusiones:

El nivel educativo influye significativamente en la reserva cognitiva y la resiliencia contra las manifestaciones neurológicas de la COVID persistente.
Una mayor educación puede proteger contra el declive cognitivo asociado con la COVID persistente.
Si bien la COVID persistente se relacionó con una reducción de las puntuaciones cognitivas globales, los dominios cognitivos específicos no fueron únicamente vulnerables; el apoyo a las poblaciones con baja educación es vital para la salud cerebral.

Palabras clave:

COVID persistente función cognitiva nivel educativo resiliencia cognitiva salud pública

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