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Manifestaciones Clínicas

Puyu Shi1, Hannah Chapman2, Lisa Liu1

  • 1University College London, London, London, United Kingdom.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

La cognición social está significativamente más alterada en la demencia que en el Deterioro Cognitivo Leve (DCL). Las evaluaciones del reconocimiento de emociones y la Teoría de la Mente (ToM) pueden ayudar a distinguir entre DCL y demencia, particularmente la demencia frontotemporal (DFT).

Palabras clave:
cognición socialdeterioro cognitivo levedemenciareconocimiento de emocionesteoría de la mentedemencia frontotemporalenfermedad de Alzheimerempatía

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Neurociencia
  • Psicología
  • Gerontología

Sus antecedentes:

  • La cognición social es vital para las interacciones y relaciones sociales, y es un criterio diagnóstico clave para la demencia.
  • Investigaciones previas indican déficits en la cognición social en la demencia y el Deterioro Cognitivo Leve (DCL) en comparación con adultos sanos.
  • Las diferencias precisas en la cognición social entre el DCL y la demencia requieren una mayor exploración para comprender la progresión de la enfermedad.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Revisar sistemáticamente y meta-analizar estudios que comparan la cognición social entre individuos con DCL y demencia.
  • Cuantificar las diferencias en el reconocimiento de emociones, la Teoría de la Mente (ToM) y la empatía entre el DCL y diversos tipos de demencia.
  • Aclarar el potencial de las evaluaciones de cognición social para predecir la progresión del DCL a demencia.

Principales métodos:

  • Búsqueda sistemática en bases de datos de estudios que comparan la cognición social en DCL y demencia.
  • Meta-análisis para calcular los tamaños del efecto para las diferencias estandarizadas en el reconocimiento de emociones, ToM y empatía.
  • Inclusión de 28 estudios transversales con 2,368 participantes (1,273 DCL, 1,145 demencia).

Principales resultados:

  • Los individuos con DCL demostraron un mejor reconocimiento de emociones (d de Cohen = 0.69) y ToM (d de Cohen = 0.74) que aquellos con demencia de tipo Alzheimer (EA).
  • Se encontraron mayores diferencias entre DCL y demencia frontotemporal (DFT) (reconocimiento de emociones d de Cohen = 2.09, ToM d de Cohen = 1.49).
  • No se observaron diferencias significativas en la empatía cognitiva; la empatía emocional fue ligeramente mayor en la demencia de tipo EA, pero no fue estadísticamente significativa.

Conclusiones:

  • Existen diferencias significativas en la cognición social, especialmente en el reconocimiento de emociones y ToM, entre el DCL y la demencia.
  • Los déficits son más pronunciados en la DFT en comparación con la demencia de tipo EA, lo que indica una disminución de la cognición social con la progresión de la enfermedad.
  • Las evaluaciones de la cognición social tienen valor clínico para distinguir el DCL de la demencia e identificar a las personas en riesgo de progresión.