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Manifestaciones Clínicas

Laiss Bertola1, Isabela M Bensenor2, Paulo A Lotufo3

  • 1University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

El aumento de la variabilidad cognitiva, una medida de la dispersión de las puntuaciones, puede indicar un deterioro cognitivo temprano en adultos mayores. Este estudio encontró que una mayor variabilidad cognitiva intraindividual al inicio predijo un menor riesgo de deterioro cognitivo ocho años después.

Palabras clave:
variabilidad cognitiva intraindividualdeterioro cognitivoestudios prospectivosneuropsicologíaadultos mayores

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Neurociencia
  • Psicología Cognitiva
  • Epidemiología

Sus antecedentes:

  • Las evaluaciones neuropsicológicas se centran tradicionalmente en el rendimiento promedio.
  • El aumento de la variabilidad cognitiva intraindividual (IICV) en adultos de mediana edad y mayores puede indicar un deterioro cognitivo temprano, incluso en individuos cognitivamente normales.
  • La IICV, o dispersión de puntuaciones, se asocia con un mayor riesgo de demencia.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Determinar si la IICV al inicio predice el deterioro cognitivo durante un período de ocho años.
  • Investigar la asociación entre la variabilidad cognitiva y el declive cognitivo futuro.

Principales métodos:

  • Análisis de datos de 9.914 participantes del estudio de cohorte prospectivo ELSA-Brasil.
  • Medición de la IICV utilizando el coeficiente de variación (CoV), ajustado por la capacidad cognitiva global.
  • Se utilizaron modelos de regresión logística, controlando factores sociodemográficos y clínicos, para evaluar las probabilidades de deterioro cognitivo en la Ola 3.

Principales resultados:

  • Un total del 13% de los participantes fueron diagnosticados con deterioro cognitivo después de ocho años.
  • Las puntuaciones más altas de CoV al inicio se asociaron con una disminución de las probabilidades de desarrollar deterioro cognitivo (OR 0,94 por cada unidad de aumento).
  • Un pequeño porcentaje (2,4%) exhibió una IICV atípica al inicio.

Conclusiones:

  • La IICV elevada al inicio se asocia con un menor riesgo de deterioro cognitivo durante ocho años.
  • La dispersión cognitiva, medida por la IICV, puede servir como un biomarcador valioso para identificar a personas en riesgo de deterioro cognitivo preclínico.
  • Las evaluaciones neuropsicológicas deben considerar la variabilidad cognitiva junto con el rendimiento a nivel medio.