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Manifestaciones Clínicas

Katherine J Bangen1,2, Lauren C Edwards3, Fini Chang2

  • 1University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

La variabilidad intraindividual cognitiva (IIV) predice un deterioro funcional más rápido en la vida diaria, especialmente en personas con beta-amiloide (Aβ) o apolipoproteína E (APOE) ε4. Esto resalta la IIV como un marcador clave para el riesgo de la enfermedad de Alzheimer.

Palabras clave:
variabilidad intraindividual cognitivadeterioro funcionalenfermedad de Alzheimerbeta-amiloideapolipoproteína E4

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Neurociencia
  • Gerontología
  • Ciencia Cognitiva

Sus antecedentes:

  • La variabilidad intraindividual cognitiva (IIV) se relaciona con un mayor riesgo de deterioro cognitivo leve (MCI) y demencia por Alzheimer (AD).
  • La investigación previa muestra que la IIV predice declives futuros en el funcionamiento diario.
  • El papel de la IIV como marcador de riesgo en grupos específicos como los portadores de beta-amiloide (Aβ) positivo o apolipoproteína E (APOE) ε4 es menos conocido.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar los efectos moderadores del estado de Aβ y el genotipo APOE en la asociación entre la IIV y el funcionamiento diario.
  • Determinar si la IIV es un marcador sensible de declive en grupos específicos de riesgo.

Principales métodos:

  • Se utilizaron datos de 736 participantes de la Iniciativa de Neuroimagen de la Enfermedad de Alzheimer (ADNI) sin demencia.
  • Se evaluó el rendimiento cognitivo, el funcionamiento diario (Functional Assessment Questionnaire), la deposición de Aβ (imagen PET) y el genotipo APOE.
  • Se emplearon modelos lineales mixtos para examinar las interacciones entre la IIV, el estado de Aβ, el estado de APOE ε4 y el tiempo en el declive funcional.

Principales resultados:

  • La IIV basal más alta predijo una tasa de declive más rápida en el funcionamiento diario para los participantes Aβ+ en comparación con los participantes Aβ-.
  • La IIV basal más alta también predijo una tasa de declive más rápida en el funcionamiento diario para los portadores de APOE ε4 en comparación con los no portadores.

Conclusiones:

  • Una mayor IIV cognitiva se asocia con un declive funcional acelerado, particularmente en individuos que son Aβ+ o portadores de APOE ε4.
  • La IIV puede servir como un biomarcador sensible para los cambios cerebrales y el declive funcional, ofreciendo un valor predictivo adicional más allá de los factores de riesgo tradicionales.
  • Se necesita más investigación para refinar la operacionalización de la IIV y validar su uso en diversas poblaciones de adultos mayores en riesgo de declive cognitivo.