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Manifestaciones Clínicas

Wenkui Xiong1, Zhen Gu2, Bo Hong1

  • 1Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

La Prueba de Memoria Espacial (SMT) detecta eficazmente el deterioro cognitivo leve (MCI) en adultos mayores. Esta evaluación digital muestra potencial para la detección temprana de demencia en entornos comunitarios.

Palabras clave:
Prueba de Memoria Espacialdeterioro cognitivo leveevaluación digitaldetección temprana de demenciaadultos mayores

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Gerontología
  • Neurociencia
  • Psicología Cognitiva

Sus antecedentes:

  • El deterioro cognitivo leve (MCI) es una etapa de transición crítica entre el envejecimiento normal y la demencia.
  • La detección temprana del MCI es vital para la intervención oportuna y la prevención de la demencia.
  • La Prueba de Memoria Espacial (SMT), que utiliza la tecnología Four Mountains Test (4MT), evalúa las habilidades visuoespaciales y puede indicar un declive cognitivo temprano.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar la utilidad diagnóstica de la Prueba de Memoria Espacial (SMT) para identificar el deterioro cognitivo leve (MCI) en una cohorte de ancianos basada en la comunidad.
  • Evaluar la capacidad de la SMT para diferenciar entre cognición normal y MCI.
  • Explorar la correlación entre el rendimiento de la SMT y otras pruebas neuropsicológicas establecidas.

Principales métodos:

  • Se reclutó una cohorte de 336 personas mayores del Shanghai Brain Aging Study y se dividió en grupos de Cognición Normal (NC) y MCI.
  • Se compararon las puntuaciones de la SMT entre los grupos NC y MCI.
  • Se empleó análisis de regresión para evaluar la precisión diagnóstica de las puntuaciones de la SMT para el MCI, controlando los factores demográficos.

Principales resultados:

  • Los individuos del grupo NC lograron puntuaciones significativamente más altas en la SMT en comparación con el grupo MCI (9,95±1,74 frente a 6,38±1,93, p < 0,001).
  • El rendimiento de la SMT se correlacionó significativamente con múltiples pruebas neuropsicológicas, incluyendo memoria, función ejecutiva y velocidad de procesamiento (p < 0,001).
  • La SMT demostró una excelente capacidad predictiva para el MCI, con un Área Bajo la Curva (AUC) de 0,923 (p < 0,001) después de ajustar por edad, género y educación.

Conclusiones:

  • La Prueba de Memoria Espacial (SMT) muestra un gran potencial para detectar el deterioro cognitivo leve (MCI).
  • El rendimiento de la SMT refleja varios dominios cognitivos, lo que sugiere sus capacidades de evaluación integral.
  • Un modelo diagnóstico basado en la SMT podría servir como una herramienta valiosa para el cribado del deterioro cognitivo y facilitar la detección temprana de la demencia en poblaciones de ancianos que viven en la comunidad.