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Adaptación específica de primates de Ku protege la integridad transcriptómica al suprimir el empalme alternativo
bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology
|December 25, 2025
Resumen
La proteína Ku suprime la inclusión de Alu durante el empalme en primates. La pérdida de Ku afecta el desarrollo y la función del cerebro, revelando su papel evolutivo en la prevención de empalmes aberrantes y enfermedades.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Genética; Biología Molecular; Biología Evolutiva
Sus antecedentes:
- El empalme preciso del pre-ARNm es vital para la transferencia de información genética.
- Los primates superiores se enfrentan a desafíos de empalme debido a la expansión de elementos Alu intrónicos.
- El heterodímero Ku70/Ku80 (Ku) es conocido por la reparación del ADN (NHEJ).
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar el papel de Ku en la evolución y el empalme de los primates.
- Determinar cómo Ku interactúa con los elementos Alu para regular el empalme.
- Comprender las implicaciones de la función de Ku en el desarrollo cerebral y las enfermedades.
Principales métodos:
- Se estudiaron los niveles de expresión de Ku durante la evolución de los primates.
- Se agotó Ku en células humanas para evaluar los impactos en el empalme.
- Se analizó la unión de Ku a bucles de tallo de ARN de doble cadena, incluidos los elementos asAlu.
- Se correlacionó la expresión de Ku con variantes de empalme derivadas de Alu en tejidos humanos.
Principales resultados:
- La expresión de Ku aumentó con la expansión de Alu durante la evolución de los primates.
- La depleción de Ku afectó ampliamente el empalme alternativo (~8-10% de los eventos).
- Ku se une al asAlu exónico para prevenir la inclusión y al asAlu adyacente para prevenir el salto de exones.
- Una menor expresión de Ku en el cerebro se correlaciona con más variantes de empalme de Alu.
Conclusiones:
- Ku es un supresor crítico del empalme alternativo asociado a Alu.
- El papel de Ku en el empalme fue cooptado durante la evolución de los primates.
- La reducción de la función de Ku contribuye a la disfunción neurológica y los trastornos del desarrollo.
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