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Un marco multimodal para comprender la segmentación perceptual de escenas naturales en el autismo
Darnell K Adrian Williams1, Tridib K Biswas1, Concetta Brusco1
1Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology
|December 25, 2025
Resumen
Las personas con trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) muestran patrones distintos de segmentación visual y respuestas neuronales al procesar escenas naturales. Nuestro nuevo marco revela diferencias en la exploración visual y la asignación de la atención en el trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) en comparación con las personas neurotípicas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Neurociencia; Ciencia Cognitiva; Investigación sobre el Autismo
Sus antecedentes:
- Comprender la segmentación visual es clave para explicar el procesamiento sensorial en el desarrollo típico y atípico.; El trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) se asocia con diferencias documentadas en la segmentación e integración visual.; La investigación existente a menudo utiliza estímulos simplificados, que no reflejan la segmentación de escenas naturales del mundo real.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Presentar un marco novedoso y multimodal para estudiar la segmentación de escenas naturales.; Investigar los aspectos temporales y espaciales de la segmentación visual en individuos neurotípicos (NT) y con TEA.; Comparar las respuestas conductuales y neuronales durante la percepción de escenas naturales entre los grupos NT y TEA.
Principales métodos:
- Se desarrolló un marco multimodal que combina electroencefalografía (EEG) y seguimiento ocular con mediciones perceptuales.; Los participantes (NT y TEA, mayores de 16 años) vieron escenas naturales y texturas, tomando decisiones de segmentación.; Se analizaron datos conductuales (tiempos de reacción, mapas de segmentación), datos de seguimiento ocular (patrones de mirada) y datos de EEG (actividad neuronal).
Principales resultados:
- Los participantes con TEA exhibieron patrones de segmentación más lentos e idiosincrásicos en comparación con los individuos NT.; El seguimiento ocular reveló una exploración visual más amplia en el TEA durante la visualización temprana de escenas.; El EEG mostró una activación occipital retrasada y más difusa, con una potencia de campo global reducida en el TEA.
Conclusiones:
- El marco establecido permite el estudio reproducible de la segmentación de escenas naturales.; Se identificaron distinciones conductuales y neuronales significativas en el procesamiento visual en el TEA.; Esta investigación cierra la brecha entre los experimentos controlados y la percepción del mundo real para las poblaciones neurotípicas y neurodivergentes.
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