Jove
Visualize
Contáctanos
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ACERCA DE JoVE
Visión GeneralLiderazgoBlogCentro de Ayuda JoVE
AUTORES
Proceso de PublicaciónConsejo EditorialAlcance y PolíticasRevisión por ParesPreguntas FrecuentesEnviar
BIBLIOTECARIOS
TestimoniosSuscripcionesAccesoRecursosConsejo Asesor de BibliotecasPreguntas Frecuentes
INVESTIGACIÓN
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchivo
EDUCACIÓN
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualCentro de Recursos para ProfesoresSitio de Profesores
Términos y Condiciones de Uso
Política de Privacidad
Políticas

Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:17

Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

3.8K
Ziegler–Natta polymerization is another form of addition or chain‐growth polymerization used for synthesizing linear polymers over branched polymers. The catalyst used for polymerization is the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, named after Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta, who developed it in 1953. This catalyst is an organometallic complex of titanium tetrachloride and triethyl aluminum, with the active form of the catalyst being an alkyl titanium compound. Using the Ziegler–Natta...
3.8K
Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview01:13

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview

2.5K
Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
Ruthenium-based Grubbs catalyst is the most commonly used catalyst for olefin metathesis polymerization. Grubbs catalyst consists of a...
2.5K
Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:09

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

3.3K
The radical chain-growth polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination of polymerization. The polymerization initiates when a free radical generated from the radical initiator adds to the unsaturated bond in the monomer. The unpaired electron of the free radical and one π electron in the unsaturated bond creates a σ bond between the free radical and the monomer. As a result, the other π electron in the unsaturated bond converts this species into...
3.3K
Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

2.7K
The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
2.7K
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:04

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

2.4K
The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael...
2.4K
Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)01:16

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)

3.1K
Ring-opening metathesis polymerization or ROMP involves strained cycloalkenes as starting materials. The mechanism of ROMP proceeds by reacting cycloalkene with Grubbs catalyst to give metallacyclobutane intermediate which undergoes a ring-opening reaction to form new carbene. The new carbene reacts with another molecule of cycloalkene. Repetition of these steps leads to the formation of an unsaturated open-chain polymer product. All these steps are reversible, however, relieving the ring...
3.1K

También podría leer

Artículos Relacionados

Artículos vinculados a este trabajo por autores compartidos, revista y gráfico de citas.

Ordenar por
Same author

Non-local free vibration spectra of nanostructures.

Nanotechnology·2026
Same author

Bridging Lewis acidic antimony centers with electron-withdrawing carborane cages.

Chemical science·2026
Same author

Leveraging Mechanistic Insights into Stereoretentive ROMP for Precision Synthesis of Poly(<i>p</i>-phenylene vinylene)s.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Switchable and Selective Synthesis of Unsymmetrical <i>N</i>-Aryl Pyrazoles from 1,2,3-Thiadiazine <i>S</i>-Oxides.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Iron tris-mesityl: a homoleptic iron(ii) ferrate species for directed C-H activation.

Chemical science·2026
Same author

Mediator-Enabled Co-Catalyzed <i>Z</i>‑Selective Semihydrogenation via Hydride-Free Multisite Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer.

ACS catalysis·2026

Video Experimental Relacionado

Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Ethylene Polymerizations Using Parallel Pressure Reactors and a Kinetic Analysis of Chain Transfer Polymerization
07:28

Ethylene Polymerizations Using Parallel Pressure Reactors and a Kinetic Analysis of Chain Transfer Polymerization

Published on: November 27, 2015

13.7K

Desarrollo Mecanístico de Polimerizaciones por Transferencia de Catalizador de Kumada: Un Estudio de RMN de Inyección

Seokmin Kang1, Wentao Cen1, Achyut Ranjan Gogoi2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77845, United States.

ACS catalysis
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Resumen

Este estudio revela cómo los ligandos de fosfina impactan las reacciones de acoplamiento cruzado catalizadas por paladio. Los ligandos de transmetalación rápida, como CPhos, son cruciales para sintetizar polímeros de alta calidad, incluido el poli(3-hexiltiofeno) (P3HT).

Palabras clave:
Ligando de biarilmonofosfinaPolimerización por transferencia de catalizadorAcoplamiento cruzado de Kumada-Tamao-CorriuAcoplamiento cruzado catalizado por paladioEspectroscopía de RMN de inyección rápidaTransmetalación

Más Videos Relacionados

Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Functionalized Vinyl Monomers Using Perylene as a Visible Light Photocatalyst
06:49

Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Functionalized Vinyl Monomers Using Perylene as a Visible Light Photocatalyst

Published on: April 22, 2016

12.3K
Controlled Photoredox Ring-Opening Polymerization of O-Carboxyanhydrides Mediated by Ni/Zn Complexes
05:48

Controlled Photoredox Ring-Opening Polymerization of O-Carboxyanhydrides Mediated by Ni/Zn Complexes

Published on: November 21, 2017

8.5K

Videos de Experimentos Relacionados

Last Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Ethylene Polymerizations Using Parallel Pressure Reactors and a Kinetic Analysis of Chain Transfer Polymerization
07:28

Ethylene Polymerizations Using Parallel Pressure Reactors and a Kinetic Analysis of Chain Transfer Polymerization

Published on: November 27, 2015

13.7K
Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Functionalized Vinyl Monomers Using Perylene as a Visible Light Photocatalyst
06:49

Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Functionalized Vinyl Monomers Using Perylene as a Visible Light Photocatalyst

Published on: April 22, 2016

12.3K
Controlled Photoredox Ring-Opening Polymerization of O-Carboxyanhydrides Mediated by Ni/Zn Complexes
05:48

Controlled Photoredox Ring-Opening Polymerization of O-Carboxyanhydrides Mediated by Ni/Zn Complexes

Published on: November 21, 2017

8.5K

Área de la Ciencia:

  • Química organometálica
  • Catálisis
  • Ciencia de polímeros

Sus antecedentes:

  • La transmetalación es clave en el acoplamiento cruzado de Kumada-Tamao-Corriu pero está poco comprendida.
  • Las reacciones catalizadas por paladio son vitales en la síntesis orgánica y la química de polímeros.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar los detalles mecanicistas de la transmetalación en el acoplamiento cruzado catalizado por paladio.
  • Comprender cómo las propiedades del ligando de fosfina influyen en las tasas de transmetalación.
  • Correlacionar la cinética de transmetalación con los resultados de la síntesis de polímeros.

Principales métodos:

  • Se utilizó RMN de inyección rápida (RI-RMN) para monitorear directamente la cinética de la reacción.
  • Se emplearon estudios computacionales para analizar las barreras del estado de transición.
  • Se aplicaron hallazgos cinéticos para guiar las polimerizaciones por transferencia de catalizador.

Principales resultados:

  • La electrónica y la estérica del ligando afectan significativamente las tasas de transmetalación (k_obs).
  • Los ligandos ricos en electrones generalmente ralentizan la reacción; los ligandos CPhos la aceleran drásticamente.
  • La transmetalación más rápida se correlaciona con una mayor masa molar y una dispersidad controlada en la síntesis de P3HT.

Conclusiones:

  • La transmetalación es un determinante crítico de la eficiencia general del acoplamiento cruzado.
  • El diseño de ligandos para acelerar la transmetalación es clave para la síntesis controlada de polímeros.
  • Los hallazgos permiten el diseño racional de catalizadores de paladio para moléculas pequeñas y polímeros.