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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Cognitive Learning01:21

Cognitive Learning

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Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...
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Theory of Attribution II: Kelley's Covariation Theory01:29

Theory of Attribution II: Kelley's Covariation Theory

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Attribution theory plays a crucial role in social psychology, helping to explain how individuals interpret the causes of behavior. One prominent model within this field is Harold Kelley's covariation theory, which provides a systematic approach to determining whether internal traits or external circumstances drive a person's actions. The model posits that individuals rely on three key types of information—consensus, consistency, and distinctiveness—to make these judgments.Consensus:...
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Introspection01:29

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Introspection, long upheld as a reliable route to self-knowledge, involves examining one's thoughts, emotions, and mental processes. It underpins many psychological practices, from mindfulness meditation to psychotherapy and self-help strategies. However, empirical evidence challenges the accuracy of introspection as a means of understanding oneself.Limitations of Introspective InsightSeminal work by Nisbett and Wilson demonstrated that individuals are frequently unaware of the true causes...
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Hindsight Biases01:12

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Hindsight bias leads you to believe that the event you just experienced was predictable, even though it really wasn’t. In other words, you knew all along that things would turn out the way they did. Can you relate this to the phrase "Hindsight is 20/20" now? 
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Lazarus's Cognitive Appraisal Theory01:20

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Cognitive psychologist Richard Lazarus proposed the cognitive-mediational theory of emotions, which emphasizes how individuals' assessments of stressors significantly affect their experience of stress. According to Lazarus, the stress response is determined by a two-step appraisal process: primary appraisal and secondary appraisal. These cognitive appraisals help individuals evaluate the potential impact of a stressor and determine the adequacy of their coping resources.
Primary Appraisal:...
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Information Processing Approach01:30

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The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
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Video Experimental Relacionado

Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Online Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of Dorsomedial and Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Cognition Decision Making, and Cognitive Dissonance
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Published on: December 5, 2025

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Mejorar la cognición y la percepción del fracaso: un estudio de replicación conceptual

Tanmay Sinha1

  • 1National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.

Frontiers in psychology
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Los estudiantes mejoraron sus objetivos de aprendizaje y sus actitudes hacia los errores después de una intervención que combinaba principios de mentalidad de crecimiento y valor de utilidad. Este enfoque ayuda a reformular el fracaso como una oportunidad de aprendizaje, aunque las creencias más profundas sobre la capacidad requieren una mayor exploración.

Palabras clave:
fracasoorientación a objetivosmentalidad de crecimientodiseño de aprendizajevalor de utilidad

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Psicología Educativa
  • Ciencias del Aprendizaje

Sus antecedentes:

  • El fracaso es a menudo percibido negativamente por los estudiantes, creando una barrera motivacional para el aprendizaje.
  • La integración de los conceptos de mentalidad de crecimiento y valor de utilidad puede mejorar las actitudes de los estudiantes hacia el fracaso.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar los efectos combinados de los principios de mentalidad de crecimiento y valor de utilidad en las disposiciones de los estudiantes hacia el fracaso.
  • Evaluar el impacto de una intervención piloto en la orientación de los objetivos de aprendizaje de los estudiantes, la actitud hacia los errores, las creencias sobre la capacidad y la utilidad del fracaso.

Principales métodos:

  • Un estudio de replicación conceptual con un diseño de pre-post de grupo único.
  • La intervención involucró a 68 estudiantes de secundaria inferior en Singapur utilizando ciclos de predicción-explicación y reformulando citas sobre el fracaso.
  • Se emplearon análisis de métodos mixtos para evaluar los cambios en las disposiciones de los estudiantes.

Principales resultados:

  • Se observaron mejoras significativas en la orientación de los objetivos de aprendizaje de los estudiantes y en la actitud hacia los errores (tamaños del efecto fuertes).
  • Las creencias sobre la capacidad y la utilidad del fracaso mostraron mejoras no significativas (efectos débiles a moderados).
  • La intervención demostró un cambio rápido en áreas típicamente resistentes a la influencia educativa.

Conclusiones:

  • La combinación de los principios de mentalidad de crecimiento y valor de utilidad puede influir positivamente en las percepciones y objetivos inmediatos de los estudiantes con respecto al fracaso.
  • Los educadores deben diseñar oportunidades repetidas de búsqueda de sentido, incluida la reflexión y el aprendizaje vicario, para fomentar una mejor cognición y percepción del fracaso.
  • Pueden ser necesarias intervenciones adicionales para abordar las orientaciones cognitivas más profundas relacionadas con la capacidad y la utilidad percibida del fracaso.