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Manifestaciones Clínicas

Hui Shi1, Yunyi Sun2, Derek B Archer3,4,5,6

  • 1Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Nashville, TN, USA.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

La mala salud del sueño, incluidos los despertares nocturnos más largos y el sueño irregular, se relaciona con el deterioro cognitivo en adultos mayores. Estos hallazgos resaltan la fragmentación del sueño como un posible indicador de cambios en la memoria y la función ejecutiva a lo largo del tiempo.

Palabras clave:
salud del sueñodeterioro cognitivoadultos mayoresfragmentación del sueñomemoriafunción ejecutiva

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Neurociencia
  • Gerontología
  • Medicina del Sueño

Sus antecedentes:

  • La mala salud del sueño es un factor de riesgo modificable para la enfermedad de Alzheimer y demencias relacionadas (ADRD).
  • Investigaciones anteriores a menudo se basaron en datos de sueño autoinformados o métricas de sueño únicas.
  • Este estudio examinó la salud del sueño medida objetivamente por actigrafía y las trayectorias cognitivas durante nueve años.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar la asociación entre los parámetros de salud del sueño medidos por actigrafía y los cambios cognitivos longitudinales en adultos mayores.
  • Identificar aspectos específicos de la salud del sueño que puedan predecir el deterioro cognitivo.
  • Explorar posibles indicadores novedosos de fragmentación del sueño relacionados con el rendimiento cognitivo.

Principales métodos:

  • Se utilizaron datos de 553 participantes del Vanderbilt Memory and Aging Project (edad media 68.5 años).
  • Los acelerómetros ActiGraph GT9X midieron la duración, el momento, la regularidad, la eficiencia y la fragmentación del sueño durante 10 días.
  • Los modelos lineales mixtos evaluaron las asociaciones entre las medidas de sueño iniciales y los cambios anuales en la memoria, la función ejecutiva y el lenguaje, ajustando por múltiples covariables.

Principales resultados:

  • Los despertares nocturnos más largos se correlacionaron con declives anuales en la memoria y la función del lenguaje.
  • Un aumento en la duración del sueño y una mayor irregularidad del sueño se asociaron con una peor memoria y una función ejecutiva más deficiente.
  • El momento del sueño y la irregularidad se relacionaron con declives anuales en la función del lenguaje; no se observó modificación del efecto por edad, sexo, APOE o estado cognitivo.

Conclusiones:

  • Múltiples medidas de mala salud del sueño se asocian con declives cognitivos significativos de 9 años en la memoria y el rendimiento.
  • La duración del despertar nocturno emerge como un posible indicador novedoso de la fragmentación del sueño.
  • Se justifica una mayor investigación molecular y mecanicista para comprender el vínculo entre la fragmentación del sueño y el deterioro cognitivo.