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Manifestaciones Clínicas

Iany Tâmilla Pereira Batista1, Keviny Magalhães Queiroz1, Gustavo Coelho Peixoto2

  • 1Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Resumen

La electroencefalografía (EEG) combinada con pruebas de memoria revela patrones de ondas cerebrales vinculados al rendimiento cognitivo en adultos mayores. Este enfoque neurofisiológico ofrece una visión más profunda de las funciones de memoria y aprendizaje.

Palabras clave:
ElectroencefalografíaPruebas de memoriaFunción cognitivaAdultos mayoresOndas cerebralesNeurofisiologíaEnvejecimientoCognición

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Neurociencia
  • Psicología Cognitiva
  • Gerontología

Sus antecedentes:

  • La creciente población de ancianos requiere un cribado eficaz del deterioro cognitivo.
  • Se exploran pruebas de memoria y aprendizaje integradas con electroencefalografía (EEG) en adultos mayores sanos.
  • La investigación tiene como objetivo correlacionar el rendimiento cognitivo con los cambios en el EEG para obtener información neurofisiológica.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar la correlación entre el rendimiento cognitivo y la actividad del EEG durante una prueba de memoria y aprendizaje.
  • Proporcionar una perspectiva neurofisiológica integral de las funciones cognitivas en los ancianos.
  • Evaluar el potencial de las pruebas cognitivas integradas y la monitorización del EEG para evaluar la salud cognitiva.

Principales métodos:

  • Se utilizó la Prueba de Audición y Memoria de Palabras de Rey (RAVLT) para evaluar la memoria declarativa episódica.
  • Se registraron datos de electroencefalografía (EEG), incluidas las ondas Delta, Theta, Alfa, Beta y Gamma.
  • Se incluyeron 18 participantes ancianos sanos en la fase experimental.

Principales resultados:

  • Se encontraron correlaciones significativas entre la actividad de las ondas cerebrales del EEG y el rendimiento cognitivo.
  • Una mayor actividad alfa se correlacionó negativamente con el recuerdo inmediato y diferido.
  • Una mayor actividad gamma se correlacionó positivamente con el recuerdo inmediato y diferido, mientras que la actividad beta se correlacionó negativamente con el aprendizaje a lo largo de las pruebas.

Conclusiones:

  • Las pruebas cognitivas con monitorización de EEG muestran ser prometedoras para evaluar la función cognitiva de los ancianos.
  • La integración del EEG ofrece una visión más profunda de los procesos neurofisiológicos de la cognición.
  • Se necesitan estudios adicionales para validar la aplicabilidad clínica de este enfoque combinado.