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Manifestaciones Clínicas

Maira Okada de Oliveira1

  • 1Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), University of California San Francisco (UCSF); & Trinity College Dublin, San Francisco, CA, USA; Cognitive Neurology and Behavioral Unit (GNCC), University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Resumen

La detección del deterioro cognitivo en América Latina requiere herramientas de cribado accesibles como el 10-Point Cognitive Screener (10-CS) y cuestionarios para cuidadores. El cribado temprano y el seguimiento regular son vitales para el manejo de la salud cognitiva.

Palabras clave:
deterioro cognitivoAmérica Latinacribadoherramientas de diagnósticodemenciasalud cognitiva

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Neurología
  • Gerontología
  • Salud Pública

Sus antecedentes:

  • El deterioro cognitivo presenta desafíos, exacerbados por las disparidades regionales en el acceso a la atención médica y los diagnósticos en América Latina.
  • Los médicos deben evaluar de manera proactiva las quejas cognitivas en pacientes mayores de 60 años, reconociendo la importancia de las pruebas cognitivas y funcionales.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Recomendar las mejores prácticas para la detección del deterioro cognitivo.
  • Adaptar estas prácticas al contexto cultural latinoamericano y a los recursos disponibles.

Principales métodos:

  • Se recomiendan herramientas de cribado rápidas, accesibles y culturalmente adaptables.
  • Se sugiere el uso de evaluaciones de pacientes (10-Point Cognitive Screener) y cuidadores (Cuestionario de Cambio Cognitivo).
  • Se destaca la utilidad de herramientas establecidas como MMSE, MoCA, ACE-R/III, RUDAS, BCSB y FAQ para el diagnóstico.

Principales resultados:

  • Se recomienda el 10-Point Cognitive Screener (10-CS) para pacientes y el Cuestionario de Cambio Cognitivo (QMC8) para cuidadores.
  • Se enumeran herramientas de diagnóstico adicionales para el deterioro cognitivo leve (MCI) y la demencia: MMSE, MoCA, ACE-R/III, RUDAS, BCSB y evaluación funcional (FAQ).
  • Se enfatiza la investigación clínica adicional, el diagnóstico diferencial, la exclusión de causas reversibles y los seguimientos regulares cada seis meses.

Conclusiones:

  • Se proporcionan recomendaciones para la detección del deterioro cognitivo adaptadas a América Latina.
  • Se aboga por la combinación de los recursos disponibles con herramientas de cribado culturalmente adaptadas.
  • Se subraya la importancia del seguimiento continuo y la educación del paciente sobre la prevención de la demencia.