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Manifestaciones Clínicas

Ángela Acosta-Amaya1,2, Salvador Sánchez-Badajos3, Diego Solano-Mendoza4

  • 1Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, EM, Mexico.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

El deterioro cognitivo subjetivo (DCS) y el deterioro cognitivo leve (DCL) se asocian con el alelo APOEε4 en adultos mexicanos mayores. Portar el alelo APOEε4 aumenta el riesgo de DCS y DCL, destacando el DCS como un indicador temprano de riesgo para el continuo de la enfermedad de Alzheimer.

Palabras clave:
deterioro cognitivo subjetivodeterioro cognitivo levealelo APOEε4adultos mayores mexicanosenfermedad de Alzheimer

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Neurociencia; Genética; Gerontología

Sus antecedentes:

  • El deterioro cognitivo subjetivo (DCS) significa deterioro cognitivo autoinformado sin déficits objetivos, lo que supone un riesgo de deterioro cognitivo leve (DCL) y demencia.
  • El DCS y el DCL representan etapas tempranas (2 y 3) en el continuo de la enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA).
  • El alelo APOEε4 es un factor de riesgo conocido para la EA, y su interacción con el declive cognitivo requiere investigación.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar la relación entre el deterioro cognitivo subjetivo (DCS), el deterioro cognitivo leve (DCL) y el estado del alelo APOEε4 en adultos mayores mexicanos-mestizos.
  • Determinar si el estado de portador de APOEε4 influye en el riesgo de DCS o DCL en esta población.

Principales métodos:

  • Estudio que involucró a 84 adultos mayores mexicanos-mestizos, categorizados en grupos de cognición normal (NC), DCS y DCL (n=28 cada uno).
  • Se evaluó la función cognitiva utilizando la Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) y las quejas cognitivas a través del Cognitive Complaint Questionnaire (CCQ).
  • Se realizó genotipificación de APOE para determinar el estado del alelo; se realizaron análisis estadísticos utilizando SPSS.

Principales resultados:

  • Se encontraron diferencias significativas en el rendimiento cognitivo entre los grupos NC y MCI.
  • La frecuencia del alelo APOEε4 fue significativamente mayor en los grupos SCD y MCI en comparación con el grupo NC.
  • Portar el alelo APOEε4 aumentó el riesgo de SCD (OR=5.17) y MCI (OR=6.60) en comparación con la cognición normal.

Conclusiones:

  • Existe una asociación entre el DCS, el DCL y el alelo APOEε4 en adultos mayores mexicanos-mestizos.
  • El estado de portador de APOEε4 presenta un riesgo comparable tanto para el DCS como para el DCL, lo que subraya el papel del DCS como predictor en el continuo de la EA.
  • La investigación adicional sobre el DCS es crucial para la detección temprana y las estrategias de prevención de la demencia.