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Manifestaciones Clínicas

H Matthew Lehrer1, Aryan Govil2, Hau-Tieng Wu2

  • 1University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

La liberación de melatonina se relaciona con la caída de la temperatura corporal, observándose diferencias sexuales en adultos mayores. Niveles más altos de melatonina y caídas de temperatura podrían beneficiar la cognición femenina.

Palabras clave:
melatoninatemperatura corporalcognicióndiferencias sexualesadultos mayores

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Cronobiología; Neuroendocrinología; Gerontología

Sus antecedentes:

  • Se postula que la secreción nocturna de melatonina influye en la caída de la temperatura corporal central (Tc) y la función cognitiva.; La investigación previa no ha investigado las diferencias sexuales en la relación entre la melatonina, la Tc y la cognición.; La comprensión de estas diferencias sexuales es crucial para dilucidar los posibles efectos pro-cognitivos de la melatonina.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Examinar las diferencias sexuales en las asociaciones de la melatonina (AUC y DLMO) con la caída de la temperatura corporal central nocturna (Tdrop).; Investigar las diferencias sexuales en las asociaciones de la melatonina y la Tdrop con la función cognitiva en adultos mayores.

Principales métodos:

  • Sesenta y cinco adultos mayores cognitivamente sanos (32 mujeres, 33 hombres) se sometieron a un estudio de laboratorio de 60 horas con privación del sueño.; Se monitorizó continuamente la temperatura corporal central (Tc) y se midió la melatonina salival (AUC, DLMO) cada hora.; Los parámetros de melatonina se correlacionaron con la Tdrop (Tcdespierto - Tcdormido) y los resultados neurocognitivos evaluados posteriormente.

Principales resultados:

  • Una mayor AUC de melatonina se correlacionó con una mayor Tdrop en ambos sexos, pero con una temporización más temprana en las mujeres.; Una mayor DLMO en luz tenue se correlacionó con una mayor Tdrop en ambos sexos.; La AUC de melatonina se asoció con una mejor memoria y función visuoespacial solo en mujeres; la Tdrop se asoció con la función ejecutiva y la atención en mujeres, y con el lenguaje en hombres.

Conclusiones:

  • La liberación de melatonina está fuertemente acoplada a la Tdrop nocturna, con diferencias sexuales específicas en la temporización y la fuerza.; La melatonina y la Tdrop elevadas pueden ofrecer protección cognitiva, particularmente en mujeres mayores.; Se necesita más investigación para explorar cómo los cambios relacionados con el envejecimiento, como la menopausia, influyen en estas diferencias sexuales.