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Desarrollo de Fármacos

Niti Sharma1, Seong Soo A An2,3, Himadri Sharma1

  • 1Gachon University, South Korea, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea, Republic of (South).

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association
|December 25, 2025
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Resumen

Los extractos de cardamomo y hinojo muestran efectos neuroprotectores, inhibiendo la acetilcolinesterasa y reduciendo el estrés oxidativo en modelos celulares. Los extractos fueron más efectivos que los compuestos puros, destacando su potencial para la salud cerebral.

Palabras clave:
cardamomohinojoneuroprotecciónestrés oxidativoinhibición de la acetilcolinesterasadesarrollo de fármacosextractos de plantasenfermedades neurodegenerativas

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Neurociencia; Farmacología; Química de Productos Naturales

Sus antecedentes:

  • Elettaria cardamomum (Cardamomo) y Foeniculum vulgare (Hinojo) son especias reconocidas con uso tradicional como refrescantes bucales.; Este estudio investiga el potencial neuroprotector de estas especias utilizando ensayos acelulares y celulares.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Evaluar las propiedades neuroprotectoras, antioxidantes y anti-amiloidogénicas de los extractos de cardamomo y hinojo y sus fitoquímicos clave.; Evaluar sus efectos inhibidores sobre la acetilcolinesterasa (AChE) y la fibrilización de beta-amiloide (Aβ).

Principales métodos:

  • Preparación de extractos de hexano y acetato de etilo de semillas de cardamomo e hinojo.; Identificación de compuestos bioactivos mediante Cromatografía de Gases/Espectrometría de Masas (GC/MS).; Ensayos basados en células utilizando células SH-SY5Y sometidas a estrés oxidativo inducido por peróxido de hidrógeno.; Evaluación de la neuroprotección, niveles de especies reactivas de oxígeno (ROS), potencial de membrana mitocondrial (MMP), actividad anti-fibrilización/oligomerización de Aβ y actividad anti-acetilcolinesterasa.

Principales resultados:

  • Se identificaron el α-terpinil acetato (Cardamomo) y el anetol (Hinojo) como compuestos principales. Los extractos de cardamomo y el α-terpinil acetato mostraron una potente inhibición de la AChE.; Los extractos demostraron una actividad significativa contra la fibrilización de Aβ, mientras que el anetol mostró una potente actividad contra la oligomerización de Aβ.; Los extractos de cardamomo exhibieron una neuroprotección superior en células SH-SY5Y contra el estrés oxidativo, y ambos extractos ayudaron a restaurar los niveles de ROS.

Conclusiones:

  • Los extractos de cardamomo y hinojo ofrecen una neuroprotección significativa, superando a sus compuestos puros aislados en ensayos celulares.; Los extractos poseen fuertes propiedades anti-amiloidogénicas, particularmente anti-fibrilización de Aβ, lo que sugiere un potencial terapéutico para enfermedades neurodegenerativas.