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Manifestaciones Clínicas

Amara Sarwal1, Ravinder Singh1, Guo Wei1

  • 1University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

El uso de liraglutida en pacientes con diabetes tipo 2 se asoció con un menor riesgo de enfermedad de Alzheimer y demencia en comparación con semaglutida. La liraglutida también demostró un menor riesgo de muerte en comparación con otros agonistas del receptor del péptido similar al glucagón tipo 1.

Palabras clave:
liraglutidasemaglutidadulaglutidadiabetes tipo 2demenciariesgo de muerteagonistas del receptor GLP-1

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Endocrinología
  • Neurociencia
  • Farmacología

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los agonistas del receptor del péptido similar al glucagón tipo 1 (GLP-1RA), como la liraglutida, la semaglutida y la dulaglutida, son clave en el tratamiento de la diabetes tipo 2 (T2D).
  • La evidencia emergente sugiere que el uso de GLP-1RA puede reducir el riesgo de demencia, pero las diferencias dentro de la clase requieren investigación.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Comparar el riesgo de enfermedad de Alzheimer y demencias relacionadas (AD/ADRD) entre pacientes con diabetes tipo 2 que inician tratamiento con liraglutida, semaglutida o dulaglutida.
  • Evaluar la asociación entre estos GLP-1RA y el riesgo de mortalidad.

Principales métodos:

  • Un estudio de diseño de nuevos usuarios con comparador activo incluyó a 21.173 veteranos con diabetes tipo 2 que iniciaron tratamiento con liraglutida, semaglutida o dulaglutida.
  • La ponderación de la probabilidad inversa de la puntuación de propensión generalizada (IPW) controló la confusión.
  • Los modelos de Cox IPW evaluaron el riesgo de AD/ADRD, muerte y un resultado compuesto.

Principales resultados:

  • La liraglutida mostró un menor riesgo de AD/ADRD en comparación con semaglutida (HR 0,68) y un riesgo similar a dulaglutida.
  • La semaglutida exhibió un mayor riesgo de AD/ADRD en comparación con dulaglutida (HR 1,32).
  • La liraglutida se asoció con el menor riesgo de muerte por todas las causas y del resultado compuesto de muerte/AD/ADRD.

Conclusiones:

  • La liraglutida demostró un riesgo reducido de AD/ADRD en comparación con la semaglutida y un menor riesgo de mortalidad que otros GLP-1RA estudiados.
  • La dulaglutida mostró un riesgo similar de AD/ADRD a la liraglutida, pero sin un beneficio significativo en la mortalidad.