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Manifestaciones Clínicas

Caitlin M Terao1, Fareshte Erani2,3, Sarah J Banks2

  • 1San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA, USA.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

La variabilidad intraindividual cognitiva (IIV) muestra asociaciones específicas del sexo con los volúmenes cerebrales en adultos mayores. La IIV ejecutiva impacta regiones cerebrales en hombres, mientras que la IIV del lenguaje afecta regiones cerebrales en mujeres, lo que sugiere patrones distintos de envejecimiento cerebral.

Palabras clave:
variabilidad intraindividual cognitivadiferencias sexualesvolumen cerebraladultos mayoresenvejecimiento cerebral

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Neurociencia
  • Gerontología
  • Ciencia Cognitiva

Sus antecedentes:

  • La variabilidad intraindividual cognitiva (IIV) está relacionada con la neurodegeneración y el deterioro cognitivo.
  • Comprender las diferencias sexuales en la asociación de la IIV con la salud cerebral es crucial pero poco explorado.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar las asociaciones diferenciales entre la IIV cognitiva y los volúmenes cerebrales en hombres y mujeres mayores.
  • Identificar patrones específicos del sexo en la relación entre la IIV y los cambios estructurales del cerebro.

Principales métodos:

  • Se utilizaron datos de 867 adultos mayores cognitivamente sanos del Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging.
  • Se calculó la IIV global y específica de dominio (función ejecutiva, memoria, lenguaje) a partir de pruebas neuropsicológicas.
  • Se analizaron las asociaciones entre los índices de IIV y los volúmenes cerebrales regionales (materia gris y blanca) utilizando RM estructural, controlando las covariables.

Principales resultados:

  • La IIV ejecutiva se asoció con volúmenes temporales, límbicos y subcorticales más pequeños en la muestra completa.
  • En hombres, una mayor IIV ejecutiva se relacionó con volúmenes límbicos y occipitales más pequeños.
  • En mujeres, una mayor IIV del lenguaje se relacionó con volúmenes temporales, parietales y occipitales más pequeños.

Conclusiones:

  • La IIV ejecutiva se relaciona con los volúmenes cerebrales en ambos sexos, con asociaciones específicas en hombres.
  • La IIV del lenguaje muestra asociaciones específicas del sexo con los volúmenes cerebrales, particularmente en mujeres.
  • Se necesita más investigación longitudinal para explorar los mecanismos específicos del sexo que subyacen a estos patrones.