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Kelly Rombauts1,2,3, Johan Skoog1,2,3, Tobias Skillbäck1,2,3

  • 1Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Los niveles bajos de Amiloide-β42/40 (Aβ) se asocian con un declive más rápido en la velocidad de procesamiento cognitivo en adultos mayores. Las mujeres mostraron una tasa de declive cognitivo más lenta que los hombres, independientemente de los niveles de Aβ.

Palabras clave:
Amiloide-β42/40velocidad de procesamientoenvejecimiento cognitivodiferencias sexualesbiomarcadores LCR

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Neurología
  • Gerontología
  • Bioquímica

Sus antecedentes:

  • La detección temprana del declive cognitivo en la enfermedad de Alzheimer preclínica es crucial para la intervención.
  • La relación de Amiloide-β42/40 (Aβ) en el líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR) es un biomarcador potencial.
  • Se necesitan estudios longitudinales en cohortes basadas en la población para comprender el papel de Aβ en el envejecimiento cognitivo.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar la asociación entre los niveles de Aβ42/40 en LCR y el declive cognitivo durante 5-7 años en personas de 70 años.
  • Examinar los cambios en dominios cognitivos específicos y en una puntuación cognitiva compuesta.
  • Explorar posibles diferencias sexuales en las tasas de declive cognitivo.

Principales métodos:

  • Análisis de Aβ42, Aβ40, t-tau y p-tau en LCR de 250 participantes (de 70 años al inicio) del Estudio de Cohorte de Nacimiento H70 de Gotemburgo.
  • Función cognitiva evaluada mediante 11 pruebas neuropsicológicas en seis dominios, combinadas en una puntuación compuesta.
  • Modelos de regresión lineal múltiple ajustados por edad, sexo y educación para evaluar las asociaciones de Aβ42/40 con el cambio cognitivo.

Principales resultados:

  • Los niveles bajos de Aβ42/40 en LCR se correlacionaron con un declive más pronunciado en la velocidad de procesamiento (β=0.123).
  • No se encontraron asociaciones significativas entre Aβ42/40 y cambios en otros dominios cognitivos o en la puntuación compuesta.
  • Las mujeres mostraron un declive más lento en la puntuación cognitiva compuesta en comparación con los hombres (β=0.248), independientemente de Aβ42/40.

Conclusiones:

  • La reducción de Aβ42/40 en LCR puede preceder al declive cognitivo generalizado, afectando específicamente la velocidad de procesamiento.
  • El declive cognitivo progresa más lentamente en mujeres que en hombres entre los 70 y 76 años.
  • La relación Aβ42/40 en LCR es un biomarcador relevante para los cambios cognitivos tempranos, particularmente el declive de la velocidad de procesamiento.