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Manifestaciones Clínicas

Kyu-Haeng Lee1, Seokbeom Lim2, Ilju Lee3

  • 1Dankook University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea, Republic of (South).

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Este estudio demuestra que el análisis de notas clínicas con un modelo de aprendizaje profundo puede predecir eficazmente la demencia. El modelo logró una alta precisión, superando a otros modelos de lenguaje grandes para la detección temprana de la demencia.

Palabras clave:
aprendizaje profundodemencianotas clínicasdiagnósticointeligencia artificialprocesamiento del lenguaje naturalsaludCorea del Surenfermedad de Alzheimer

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Inteligencia Artificial en Medicina; Procesamiento del Lenguaje Natural para la Atención Sanitaria; Neurociencia Computacional

Sus antecedentes:

  • Las entrevistas clínicas son cruciales para el diagnóstico de la demencia y guían la evaluación adicional del paciente.
  • Los modelos de lenguaje grandes (LLM) muestran potencial en el análisis de texto, pero requieren validación en datos médicos reales.
  • La evaluación de los LLM para la predicción de la demencia utilizando solo notas clínicas es un área poco explorada.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Evaluar la eficacia de los LLM en la predicción de la demencia únicamente a partir de notas clínicas basadas en texto.
  • Desarrollar y evaluar un nuevo clasificador de aprendizaje profundo para la predicción de la demencia.
  • Comparar el rendimiento del modelo propuesto con los LLM existentes de última generación.

Principales métodos:

  • Se desarrolló un clasificador de aprendizaje profundo utilizando notas clínicas de Corea del Sur (n=1387) para la predicción de la Enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) y el Control Normal (CN).
  • Se diseñó un mecanismo de atención jerárquica con capas de atención a nivel de oración (SLA) y a nivel de categoría (CLA) para extraer información clave de las notas clínicas.
  • El modelo se entrenó con el 80% y se evaluó con el 20% del conjunto de datos, con comparaciones con LLM de referencia como ChatGPT, LLaMA y Claude.

Principales resultados:

  • El modelo de aprendizaje profundo propuesto logró una precisión general de 0.74 y una puntuación F1 de 0.72.
  • Este rendimiento superó significativamente al de los LLM de referencia (ChatGPT, LLaMA, Claude) en robustez y fiabilidad.
  • Si bien algunos LLM mostraron fortalezas en métricas específicas, sus resultados generales fueron inconsistentes en comparación con el método propuesto.

Conclusiones:

  • El análisis de notas clínicas es una estrategia viable y eficaz para la detección temprana de la demencia.
  • La incorporación de la calidad de los datos de texto en el análisis permite la extracción de información contextual matizada, mejorando el rendimiento predictivo.
  • El enfoque de aprendizaje profundo desarrollado ofrece una herramienta prometedora para la detección de la demencia en entornos clínicos del mundo real.