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Desarrollo de Fármacos

Giulio Maria Pasinetti1,2, Eun-Jeong Yang1,3, Nicole Less4

  • 1Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

El ultrasonido enfocado (FUS) con una dosis baja de lecanemab redujo significativamente las placas amiloides y el deterioro cognitivo en un modelo de ratón de la enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA). Esta terapia combinada mejoró la entrega de lecanemab, ofreciendo una estrategia prometedora para el tratamiento de la EA.

Palabras clave:
ultrasonido enfocadolecanemabenfermedad de Alzheimerentrega de fármacosplacas amiloidesdeterioro cognitivomodelo de ratónterapia combinadabarrera hematoencefálicamicroglía

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Neurociencia; Farmacología; Ingeniería Biomédica

Sus antecedentes:

  • Lecanemab, un anticuerpo monoclonal, muestra promesa en la enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) al dirigirse a la beta-amiloide. Dosis altas (10 mg/kg) de lecanemab han demostrado eficacia en la reducción de la patología amiloide y la mejora de la cognición en ensayos clínicos de EA. Investigar dosis más bajas de lecanemab con entrega mejorada es crucial para optimizar el tratamiento de la EA.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Evaluar la eficacia terapéutica de una dosis baja (1 mg/kg) de lecanemab combinada con ultrasonido enfocado (FUS) en un modelo de ratón de EA. Explorar los mecanismos moleculares subyacentes a los efectos de la terapia combinada sobre la patología amiloide y la función cognitiva. Evaluar el impacto de la entrega mejorada de lecanemab mediada por FUS en la barrera hematoencefálica (BHE).

Principales métodos:

  • Se utilizaron modelos de ratón de EA transgénicos 5xFAD y de tipo salvaje (WT) de 6 meses de edad. Se empleó ultrasonido enfocado (FUS) con microburbujas para abrir la barrera hematoencefálica (BHE) del hipocampo para la entrega de lecanemab. Se administró terapia combinada de FUS y lecanemab a 1 mg/kg cada dos semanas, con un total de tres tratamientos, y se evaluó la función cognitiva mediante la prueba del laberinto Y y la patología cerebral mediante inmunohistoquímica.

Principales resultados:

  • La apertura de la BHE mediada por FUS aumentó la entrega de lecanemab al cerebro aproximadamente diez veces. El tratamiento combinado de FUS y lecanemab a dosis bajas redujo significativamente el deterioro cognitivo y la carga de placas amiloides en ratones 5xFAD en comparación con el lecanemab solo. La terapia combinada activó la microglía fagocítica en el hipocampo sin causar hemorragia y alteró vías moleculares clave, incluida la formación de fagolisosomas, la neuroinflamación y la plasticidad sináptica.

Conclusiones:

  • La entrega mediada por FUS de lecanemab a dosis bajas disminuye eficazmente los depósitos de amiloide y los déficits cognitivos en un modelo de ratón de EA. El efecto sinérgico de FUS y lecanemab presenta una estrategia terapéutica novedosa y potencialmente más eficiente para la enfermedad de Alzheimer. Este enfoque resalta el potencial de la entrega dirigida de fármacos para mejorar la eficacia de las terapias dirigidas a amiloide en la EA.