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Manifestaciones Clínicas

Yingxin Mi1, Changming Wang2, Lei Liu1

  • 1Department of Neurology & Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Beijing, Beijing, China.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Los déficits en el procesamiento de rostros, incluida la prosopagnosia, son indicadores tempranos del continuo de la enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA), detectables incluso en etapas de deterioro cognitivo leve (DCL). Nuestro estudio destaca posibles objetivos de intervención temprana para la EA mediante el análisis de la percepción y la memoria de rostros utilizando un paradigma de emparejamiento retardado de rostros ocluidos (OFDM).

Palabras clave:
enfermedad de Alzheimerdeterioro cognitivo leveprosopagnosiapercepción de rostrosmemoria de rostroselectroencefalografíaneuroimagenbiomarcadores tempranos

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Neurociencia
  • Psicología Cognitiva
  • Neurología

Sus antecedentes:

  • La prosopagnosia, o ceguera facial, es un síntoma común en la enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) de moderada a grave, que impacta significativamente la vida diaria.
  • La comprensión de la progresión de los déficits de percepción y memoria de rostros en la EA es crucial para el diagnóstico y la intervención tempranos.
  • Los mecanismos neuronales que subyacen a los déficits de procesamiento de rostros en el envejecimiento saludable, el deterioro cognitivo leve (DCL) y la EA requieren una mayor investigación.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar la progresión de la percepción y la memoria de rostros utilizando un paradigma de emparejamiento retardado de rostros ocluidos (OFDM).
  • Explorar los mecanismos neuronales subyacentes de los déficits de procesamiento de rostros en el continuo de la EA (envejecimiento saludable, DCL, EA).
  • Identificar posibles biomarcadores tempranos para la detección de EA dentro de las habilidades de procesamiento de rostros.

Principales métodos:

  • 180 participantes (60 cognitivamente normales, 69 DCL, 51 EA) se sometieron a la tarea OFDM combinada con grabaciones de electroencefalograma (EEG).
  • El EEG capturó la dinámica temporal de la codificación, el mantenimiento y la recuperación de rostros.
  • Se analizaron evaluaciones neuropsicológicas y marcadores de amiloide y tau en líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR).

Principales resultados:

  • El rendimiento conductual en la tarea OFDM mostró una disminución significativa en los grupos de envejecimiento saludable, DCL y EA (AUC = 0.79).
  • El EEG reveló déficits tempranos en el procesamiento de rostros (P1, N170) y compromiso de la memoria de rostros (NSW) en pacientes con EA.
  • Los pacientes con DCL exhibieron déficits tempranos en la codificación/percepción de rostros (P1, N170) pero preservaron aspectos de procesamiento y memoria de rostros de nivel superior, con actividad alterada en las bandas theta y alfa.

Conclusiones:

  • La tarea OFDM diferencia eficazmente las etapas de deterioro cognitivo, identificando los déficits de procesamiento de rostros como indicadores tempranos del continuo de la EA.
  • Los pacientes con DCL muestran déficits tempranos en el procesamiento de rostros, lo que sugiere potencial para intervenciones terapéuticas tempranas.
  • Los correlatos neuronales, incluida la actividad de las bandas theta y alfa, se asocian con déficits de percepción y memoria de rostros en DCL y EA.