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Manifestaciones Clínicas

Gregory Brown1,2, Diego Bustamante-Paytan1, Maria Fe Albujar-Pereira1

  • 1Instituto Peruano de Neurociencias, Lima, Lima, Peru.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Este estudio proporciona las primeras normas cognitivas ajustadas demográficamente para adultos peruanos utilizando la batería neuropsicológica del Uniform Data Set (UDS). Estos hallazgos son cruciales para el diagnóstico preciso de la enfermedad de Alzheimer en poblaciones diversas.

Palabras clave:
normas cognitivasAlzheimerPerúbatería neuropsicológicadiagnóstico

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Neurociencia
  • Psicología Cognitiva
  • Gerontología

Sus antecedentes:

  • El diagnóstico preciso de la enfermedad de Alzheimer depende de evaluaciones neuropsicológicas validadas con normas ajustadas demográficamente.
  • El Uniform Data Set (UDS) es una evaluación estándar multidominio para la detección de demencia, pero carece de validación en poblaciones con baja educación.
  • La población de Perú, con diversos niveles de educación, requiere herramientas de evaluación cognitiva culturalmente apropiadas.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Establecer datos cognitivos normativos estratificados demográficamente para adultos peruanos de 43 a 79 años.
  • Validar la batería neuropsicológica del Uniform Data Set (UDS) para una población peruana, considerando los niveles de educación.
  • Identificar la influencia de la edad y la educación en el rendimiento cognitivo en Perú.

Principales métodos:

  • Se reclutaron 340 adultos peruanos sanos (edades 43-79), estratificados por educación (baja: 0-6 años; alta: ≥7 años).
  • Se administró la batería neuropsicológica UDS, que incluye pruebas de memoria, velocidad de procesamiento y función ejecutiva.
  • Se generaron valores normativos utilizando regresión lineal, controlando la edad, la educación y el sexo.

Principales resultados:

  • La educación fue el factor principal que influyó en el rendimiento en la mayoría de las medidas UDS, excepto la fluidez semántica (vegetales).
  • La edad fue el segundo predictor más significativo para el 68% de las evaluaciones.
  • La baja educación afectó significativamente la amplitud de dígitos hacia atrás, el test de rastreo, la denominación de imágenes, la fluidez fonémica, la copia de figuras y el recuerdo de historias.

Conclusiones:

  • Este estudio presenta los primeros datos cognitivos normativos completos y estratificados demográficamente para adultos peruanos (43-79 años).
  • Los datos normativos generados son aplicables a todos los niveles educativos en la población peruana estudiada.
  • Los datos normativos culturalmente apropiados son esenciales para la detección temprana y precisa de déficits cognitivos, particularmente en contextos lingüísticos y educativos diversos.