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Manifestaciones Clínicas

Roslyn Valdespino1, Gabrielle Hromas1, Chen-Pin Wang1

  • 1University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

La Herramienta de Evaluación Cognitiva basada en tableta (TabCAT) identifica eficazmente el deterioro cognitivo (DC) en África Subsahariana, incluidas las personas que viven con el VIH (PVVIH). Esta herramienta digital se muestra prometedora para un uso generalizado en diversas poblaciones.

Palabras clave:
Deterioro cognitivoÁfrica SubsaharianaHerramienta de Evaluación Cognitiva basada en tabletaTabCATPersonas que viven con el VIHEstudios prospectivosEvaluación neuropsicológicaDemencia

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Neurología
  • Gerontología
  • Enfermedades Infecciosas

Sus antecedentes:

  • África Subsahariana (ASS) está experimentando un cambio demográfico con un número creciente de adultos mayores, personas que viven con el VIH (PVVIH) y una prevalencia creciente de la enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA).
  • La región enfrenta desafíos significativos en el diagnóstico del deterioro cognitivo (DC) debido a la escasez de profesionales de la salud y la falta de herramientas de evaluación culturalmente relevantes.
  • La Herramienta de Evaluación Cognitiva basada en tableta (TabCAT) ofrece una solución potencial, al ser una batería breve administrada digitalmente con puntuación automatizada adecuada para diversas poblaciones.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Evaluar el rendimiento y la validez de la Herramienta de Evaluación Cognitiva basada en tableta (TabCAT) para identificar el deterioro cognitivo (DC) en el contexto de África Subsahariana (ASS).
  • Evaluar la utilidad de la TabCAT en un estudio de cohorte prospectivo que involucra a adultos mayores, incluidas personas que viven con el VIH (PVVIH) e individuos no infectados por el VIH en Uganda.
  • Determinar si la TabCAT es una herramienta confiable para la evaluación cognitiva en diversos orígenes culturales, idiomas y niveles educativos en ASS.

Principales métodos:

  • La TabCAT se sometió a traducción y adaptación cultural mediante revisión de expertos y grupos focales.
  • Las puntuaciones de la TabCAT se compararon con una batería de pruebas cognitivas de referencia validada utilizada en Uganda.
  • El estudio empleó puntuaciones Z ajustadas por edad, sexo y educación, y utilizó los criterios de Jak/Bondi para la definición de DC. Las curvas ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) evaluaron la capacidad discriminatoria.

Principales resultados:

  • La TabCAT demostró una validez de cara y contenido aceptable por parte de expertos locales y grupos focales.
  • El estudio incluyó 563 participantes (edad media 60 años, 50% mujeres, 51% con menos de educación primaria, 49% PVVIH).
  • La puntuación compuesta de la TabCAT mostró una capacidad de buena a excelente para identificar el DC (estadístico c = 0.79), con un rendimiento similar en personas que viven con el VIH (PVVIH).

Conclusiones:

  • La TabCAT exhibe validez de contenido, concurrente y de criterio para detectar DC en una población del África Subsahariana, incluidas las PVVIH.
  • A pesar de cierta variabilidad en la validez concurrente, la TabCAT es una herramienta breve prometedora para la identificación de DC, aplicable en diversas demografías y estados de VIH.
  • Se planean investigaciones adicionales para explorar la validez de la TabCAT para el diagnóstico de la enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) y demencias relacionadas en Uganda y entornos similares con recursos limitados.