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Manifestaciones Clínicas

Christine Gagnon1, Manuel Montero-Odasso2,3, Guangyong Zou4,5

  • 1Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Las personas con deterioro cognitivo leve que respondieron a intervenciones de entrenamiento cognitivo y físico tuvieron una mejor cognición global y funciones ejecutivas basales. Adaptar las intervenciones en función del estado cognitivo inicial puede mejorar los resultados para los pacientes con deterioro cognitivo leve.

Palabras clave:
deterioro cognitivo leveentrenamiento cognitivoentrenamiento físicorespuesta al tratamientoperfiles cognitivos

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Neurociencia
  • Gerontología
  • Psicología Cognitiva

Sus antecedentes:

  • Se exploran intervenciones no farmacológicas como el entrenamiento físico y cognitivo para el deterioro cognitivo leve (MCI).
  • El ensayo SYNERGIC indicó que el entrenamiento físico y cognitivo combinado produce mayores ganancias cognitivas que las intervenciones únicas o el control activo.
  • Comprender las diferencias cognitivas entre los respondedores y los no respondedores a estas intervenciones es crucial para el tratamiento personalizado.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Comparar los perfiles cognitivos basales de los individuos que respondieron versus aquellos que no respondieron al entrenamiento de ejercicio físico solo o combinado con entrenamiento cognitivo.
  • Identificar las características cognitivas asociadas con la respuesta al tratamiento en el deterioro cognitivo leve.

Principales métodos:

  • Se analizaron 143 participantes con MCI del ensayo SYNERGIC según su respuesta a una intervención de 6 meses.
  • Los respondedores mostraron una mejora cognitiva (cambio negativo en ADAS-Cog-13), mientras que los no respondedores no mostraron mejora o declive.
  • El rendimiento cognitivo basal se evaluó utilizando puntuaciones z compuestas para la cognición global, la memoria, la velocidad de procesamiento, la memoria de trabajo y las funciones ejecutivas.

Principales resultados:

  • En general, los respondedores exhibieron una cognición global y funciones ejecutivas basales significativamente mejores en comparación con los no respondedores.
  • La proporción de respondedores varió entre los grupos de intervención: Combinado (75%), Solo Físico (61%) y Control Activo (44%).
  • En la intervención combinada, los respondedores mostraron una cognición global basal superior y memoria de trabajo; en el control activo, los respondedores tuvieron una mejor velocidad de procesamiento.

Conclusiones:

  • Perfiles cognitivos basales distintos diferencian a los respondedores de los no respondedores a intervenciones no farmacológicas en el deterioro cognitivo leve.
  • Estos hallazgos respaldan la necesidad de programas de entrenamiento cognitivo y físico individualizados adaptados a la condición cognitiva basal de un paciente.
  • Las intervenciones personalizadas pueden optimizar la eficacia del tratamiento para personas con deterioro cognitivo leve.