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Manifestaciones Clínicas

Sana Rehan1, Fereshteh Mehrabi1, Paul Mick2

  • 1Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Los factores psicosociales impactan significativamente cómo la pérdida sensorial afecta la cognición, especialmente en el deterioro cognitivo leve (DCL). La mala salud mental puede empeorar el vínculo entre los déficits sensoriales y el declive cognitivo en personas con DCL.

Palabras clave:
pérdida sensorialfactores psicosocialesfunción cognitivadeterioro cognitivo leveenfermedad de Alzheimersalud mentaldeclive cognitivo

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Neurociencia
  • Gerontología
  • Psicología

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los factores sensoriales y psicosociales son posibles factores de riesgo modificables para la demencia y la enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA).
  • El deterioro sensorial puede provocar dificultades de comunicación, reducción del compromiso social y aceleración del declive cognitivo.
  • La investigación existente vincula los indicadores de salud mental con el rendimiento cognitivo y el riesgo de EA.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Caracterizar la función sensorial y psicosocial en personas con deterioro cognitivo (controles, deterioro cognitivo leve [DCL] y EA leve).
  • Probar si los factores psicosociales y la pertenencia al grupo de diagnóstico moderan la relación entre la función sensorial y el rendimiento cognitivo.

Principales métodos:

  • Los datos del estudio COMPASS-ND (N=622) evaluaron la función sensorial (audición, visión), psicosocial (depresión, ansiedad, calidad de vida, apoyo social, aislamiento) y cognitiva.
  • Los participantes incluyeron controles cognitivamente normales, personas con DCL y personas con EA leve.
  • Los análisis de correlación y moderación examinaron las interacciones entre las medidas sensoriales, psicosociales y cognitivas en los grupos de diagnóstico.

Principales resultados:

  • Las personas con DCL y EA presentaron una mayor prevalencia de pérdida de audición y reducción de la sensibilidad al contraste en comparación con los controles.
  • Los grupos con DCL y EA reportaron una peor función psicosocial y una reducción del compromiso social.
  • La mala función psicosocial amplificó la asociación sensorial-cognitiva en personas con DCL.

Conclusiones:

  • La función psicosocial modera de manera diferencial la relación sensorial-cognitiva en los grupos de diagnóstico.
  • El vínculo entre la pérdida sensorial y la función cognitiva es más fuerte en niveles bajos de función psicosocial en personas con DCL.
  • Comprender estas interacciones sensoriales-psicosociales-cognitivas es crucial para abordar el declive cognitivo.