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Manifestaciones Clínicas

Laura Stankeviciute1, Iris Bosch2,3, Fredrik Öhman4,5,6

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Västra Götalands, Sweden.

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|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

La mala calidad del sueño se asocia con un peor rendimiento de la memoria en adultos mayores, lo que sugiere una conexión entre el sueño y el deterioro cognitivo en la enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) preclínica. Esto resalta la importancia del sueño para la salud cerebral.

Palabras clave:
calidad del sueñodeterioro cognitivoenfermedad de Alzheimer preclínicaadultos mayoressalud cerebral

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Neurociencia
  • Gerontología
  • Medicina del Sueño

Sus antecedentes:

  • Las alteraciones del sueño son comunes en la enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA), aparecen temprano y pueden empeorar la patología.
  • La mala calidad subjetiva del sueño se correlaciona con biomarcadores de EA y déficits cognitivos en individuos cognitivamente sanos (CU).
  • Los estudios a gran escala que integran evaluaciones cognitivas digitales (DCAs), biomarcadores en sangre (BBBs) y datos de sueño son limitados.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar la asociación entre la calidad subjetiva del sueño y el rendimiento cognitivo utilizando DCAs en adultos mayores.
  • Explorar la relación entre parámetros específicos del sueño y la función de la memoria en una cohorte basada en la población.

Principales métodos:

  • El estudio REAL AD analizó a 748 adultos mayores CU utilizando el Índice de Calidad del Sueño de Pittsburgh (PSQI) y evaluaciones remotas digitales de memoria (aplicación neotivTrials).
  • Se derivó una puntuación compuesta de memoria digital remota (RDMC) a partir de tres pruebas de memoria visual.
  • Los modelos de regresión lineal evaluaron las asociaciones entre los componentes del PSQI y el RDMC, ajustando por covariables y realizando análisis de sensibilidad para la depresión y la ansiedad.

Principales resultados:

  • Una peor calidad general del sueño subjetivo (Puntuación Total PSQI) se asoció significativamente con un menor rendimiento de RDMC (p=0.024).
  • Una latencia de sueño prolongada y el uso frecuente de medicamentos para dormir se relacionaron con puntuaciones de memoria más bajas (p=0.04 y p<0.001, respectivamente).
  • Estas asociaciones se redujeron después de tener en cuenta los síntomas de depresión y ansiedad.

Conclusiones:

  • La calidad subjetiva del sueño se asocia con el rendimiento de la memoria en pruebas cognitivas digitales en adultos mayores.
  • Los hallazgos subrayan la interacción entre el sueño y la cognición en la EA preclínica.
  • Se necesita más investigación que integre biomarcadores y datos objetivos de sueño para dilucidar los mecanismos biológicos y mejorar las estrategias de detección temprana de la EA.