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Manifestaciones Clínicas

Kang-Chen Fan1, Yi-Fang Chuang2

  • 1National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

La disminución de la capacidad de nombrar se relaciona con cambios cognitivos y atrofia cerebral en adultos mayores. Estos hallazgos respaldan el desarrollo de herramientas basadas en el lenguaje para la detección temprana de demencia en hablantes de mandarín.

Palabras clave:
demenciadeterioro cognitivotrastornos del lenguajeneuroimagenenvejecimiento

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Neurociencia; Ciencias Cognitivas; Imagenología Médica

Sus antecedentes:

  • El deterioro del lenguaje es un marcador temprano de la enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) y el deterioro cognitivo leve (DCL).; La IA y el aprendizaje profundo ofrecen nuevas herramientas para la detección de la demencia, pero la base neural del lenguaje en la demencia está poco explorada, especialmente en hablantes de mandarín.; Este estudio investiga la relación entre el lenguaje, el envejecimiento y la demencia en una cohorte de hablantes de mandarín.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Explorar los sustratos neurales de la producción del lenguaje en el envejecimiento y la demencia.; Identificar biomarcadores basados en el lenguaje para la detección temprana de la demencia.; Examinar los patrones de neurodegeneración relacionados con la demencia en poblaciones de habla mandarín.

Principales métodos:

  • Se estudió una cohorte de 604 adultos mayores de la Iniciativa de Medicina de Precisión de Taiwán sobre Deterioro Cognitivo y Demencia (TPMIC).; Los participantes se sometieron a pruebas neuropsicológicas (incluido el Test de Boston de Nombres), RM ponderada en T1, imagen por tensor de difusión (DTI) y RM funcional en estado de reposo (rs-fMRI).; Se diagnosticó DCL a 112 participantes y 482 eran cognitivamente normales.

Principales resultados:

  • El deterioro de la capacidad de nombrar se correlacionó con factores demográficos, condiciones clínicas y dominios cognitivos (atención, función ejecutiva, memoria).; Los déficits de nombramiento se asociaron con atrofia cerebral en el hipocampo, la amígdala y las cortezas temporales/frontales.; La integridad de la sustancia blanca en tractos específicos (fascículo uncinado, fascículo occipitofrontal inferior) se relacionó con el rendimiento en la nominación, observándose una lateralización en el hemisferio derecho.

Conclusiones:

  • Los déficits en la capacidad de nombrar se asocian significativamente con el declive cognitivo y los cambios cerebrales estructurales.; La lateralidad observada en la integridad de la sustancia blanca puede indicar patrones únicos de neurodegeneración en hablantes de mandarín.; Los hallazgos respaldan el desarrollo de herramientas de detección basadas en el lenguaje para la detección temprana de la demencia y la intervención.