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Manifestaciones Clínicas

Kevin Duff1,2, Dustin B Hammers3

  • 1Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

El deterioro cognitivo subjetivo (SCD) muestra efectos de práctica a corto plazo (STPE) reducidos, similar a la enfermedad de Alzheimer. Los STPE más pequeños predicen cambios cognitivos más lentos a largo plazo, lo que sugiere potencial para el enriquecimiento de ensayos clínicos.

Palabras clave:
deterioro cognitivo subjetivoefectos de práctica a corto plazoAlzheimerbiomarcadorensayos clínicos

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Neurociencia
  • Psicología Cognitiva
  • Gerontología

Sus antecedentes:

  • El deterioro cognitivo subjetivo (SCD) puede indicar la enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) preclínica, pero tiene trayectorias poco claras.
  • Los individuos con SCD son heterogéneos, lo que requiere métodos para predecir su futuro cognitivo.
  • Investigaciones previas establecieron efectos de práctica a corto plazo (STPE) en el deterioro cognitivo leve (MCI) y la EA.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar si los STPE están disminuidos en individuos con SCD en comparación con individuos cognitivamente normales (CN).
  • Determinar si los STPE predicen cambios cognitivos a largo plazo en individuos con SCD.
  • Explorar la utilidad de los STPE en la identificación de individuos en riesgo de deterioro cognitivo.

Principales métodos:

  • 76 participantes clasificados como cognitivamente sanos se dividieron en grupos SCD (n=11) y CN (n=65).
  • Los participantes completaron una batería cognitiva dos veces en una semana para medir los STPE.
  • El cambio cognitivo se evaluó nuevamente después de aproximadamente 1.3 años.

Principales resultados:

  • Los participantes con SCD exhibieron efectos de práctica a corto plazo (STPE) significativamente menores en 7 de 8 pruebas neuropsicológicas y una medida compuesta en comparación con los CN.
  • Los STPE en el escaneo visual, el cambio de tareas y la velocidad de procesamiento fueron los más efectivos en la diferenciación de SCD de CN.
  • Los STPE compuestos más pequeños predijeron una menor mejora cognitiva durante 1.3 años en toda la muestra.
  • La asociación entre STPE y el cambio cognitivo a largo plazo fue particularmente fuerte para la velocidad de procesamiento en el grupo SCD.

Conclusiones:

  • Los STPE se reducen en individuos con SCD en relación con los CN, lo que refleja los hallazgos en MCI y EA.
  • Los STPE reducidos predicen trayectorias cognitivas, lo que sugiere su potencial como biomarcador.
  • Se necesita una mayor validación en ensayos más grandes para confirmar el papel de los STPE en el enriquecimiento de ensayos clínicos para poblaciones con SCD.