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Experiencias traumáticas y sensibilización central en el espectro del dolor nociplástico
Marco Cavicchioli1,2, Matteo Scalzeri1, Agata Benfante3
1Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, SAPIENZA University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Psychology, health & medicine
|December 25, 2025
Resumen
Las experiencias traumáticas (ET) están relacionadas con la sensibilización central (SC) y las condiciones de dolor nociplástico (PN). Las ET impactan indirectamente la salud a través de la SC, apoyando la atención informada sobre el trauma para pacientes con PN.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Neurociencia
- Psiquiatría
- Medicina del Dolor
Sus antecedentes:
- La sensibilización central (SC) es un mecanismo clave en las condiciones de dolor nociplástico (PN).
- Se hipotetiza que las experiencias traumáticas (ET) contribuyen al desarrollo de SC y PN.
- La interacción entre las ET, la SC y los resultados de salud en condiciones de PN sigue siendo poco investigada.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar empíricamente el papel de las ET en las características de SC en todo el espectro de PN.
- Examinar cómo las ET y la SC afectan conjuntamente la salud física y mental en condiciones de PN.
- Proporcionar evidencia para la integración de intervenciones centradas en el trauma en el manejo de la PN.
Principales métodos:
- Estudio transversal que involucró a 464 participantes: migraña crónica (MC), fibromialgia (FM), comorbilidad FM-MC y controles sanos (CS).
- Evaluación de ET, síntomas de SC y calidad de la salud física y mental mediante medidas de autoinforme.
- Análisis estadísticos que incluyen ANCOVA, MANCOVA y modelos de mediación moderada.
Principales resultados:
- Los pacientes con comorbilidad de fibromialgia-migraña crónica informaron niveles significativamente más altos de traumatización en comparación con los grupos de migraña crónica y controles sanos.
- Las ET se asociaron significativamente con síntomas de SC en todo el espectro de PN, independientemente del diagnóstico.
- La SC medió el efecto indirecto de las ET en la calidad de la salud física y mental en pacientes con PN.
Conclusiones:
- Este estudio proporciona la primera evidencia empírica de un papel significativo de las ET en la fisiopatología de los síndromes de PN.
- La SC actúa como mediador que vincula las ET con resultados adversos para la salud en personas con condiciones de PN.
- Los hallazgos respaldan la incorporación rutinaria de estrategias psicoterapéuticas basadas en evidencia para el trauma en los protocolos de tratamiento de PN.
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