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Manifestaciones Clínicas

Lauren G Santos1, Stella Garriga1, Michael G Davenport1

  • 1University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

La aculturación impacta la función cognitiva en personas hispanas/latinas, con el apoyo social y la desventaja del vecindario desempeñando papeles clave. Comprender estos factores es crucial para promover la salud cognitiva en poblaciones diversas de adultos mayores.

Palabras clave:
aculturaciónsalud cognitivaadultos hispanos/latinosapoyo socialdesventaja del vecindario

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Neurociencia; Salud Pública; Sociología

Sus antecedentes:

  • Las personas hispanas/latinas enfrentan desafíos de salud únicos debido a la intersección de factores culturales, sociales y sistémicos.; La influencia de la aculturación en los resultados cognitivos es inconsistente y rara vez se estudia dentro de contextos sociales y estructurales.; Este estudio investiga la asociación de la aculturación con la cognición, considerando las influencias sociales y estructurales.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Evaluar la relación entre la aculturación y el rendimiento cognitivo en adultos hispanos/latinos.; Examinar cómo el apoyo social y la desventaja del vecindario modifican el vínculo aculturación-cognición.; Identificar fenotipos socioestructurales asociados con resultados cognitivos.

Principales métodos:

  • Análisis transversal de 1.095 participantes hispanos/latinos del Estudio de Salud y Envejecimiento del Cerebro-Disparidades de Salud (HABS-HD).; Evaluación de la aculturación, el apoyo social y la función cognitiva utilizando medidas estandarizadas y pruebas neuropsicológicas.; Cálculo de la desventaja del vecindario a nivel estatal utilizando el Índice de Privación del Área (ADI) y aplicación de análisis ANOVA y k-clúster.

Principales resultados:

  • Una mayor aculturación se correlacionó con un mejor rendimiento en cognición general, velocidad de procesamiento, lenguaje, memoria y función ejecutiva.; Se encontraron asociaciones positivas entre el apoyo social y los dominios cognitivos, mientras que un mayor ADI se relacionó con peores resultados cognitivos.; Una interacción entre el apoyo social y el ADI afectó el lenguaje; surgieron tres clústeres socioestructurales distintos, con un clúster que mostró un rendimiento cognitivo significativamente mejor.

Conclusiones:

  • La asociación entre la aculturación y la salud cognitiva está moderada por determinantes sociales y estructurales.; La incorporación del apoyo social y los factores estresantes ambientales es vital para evaluar con precisión los resultados cognitivos en poblaciones diversas.; Las futuras intervenciones deben considerar dirigirse al apoyo social y a los factores estresantes del entorno construido para mejorar la salud cognitiva, especialmente en lo que respecta a la aculturación.