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Manifestaciones Clínicas

W Yembe Njamnshi1,2, Konstantinos Chiotis3, Elena Tsoy1,4

  • 1Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Las pruebas cognitivas digitales, la Herramienta de Evaluación Cognitiva basada en Tableta (TabCAT), muestran ser prometedoras para la detección temprana de la enfermedad de Alzheimer de inicio temprano (EOAD). Las medidas de TabCAT se correlacionan con las pruebas tradicionales e identifican biomarcadores de la enfermedad de Alzheimer como el PET de amiloide y tau.

Palabras clave:
Enfermedad de Alzheimer de inicio tempranoPruebas cognitivas digitalesTabCATBiomarcadores de AlzheimerPET de amiloidePET de tau

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Neurociencia; Gerontología; Salud Digital

Sus antecedentes:

  • La enfermedad de Alzheimer de inicio temprano (EOAD) presenta desafíos diagnósticos debido a la edad joven, los síntomas variados y la progresión rápida.; Las evaluaciones cognitivas digitales ofrecen una alternativa escalable a las pruebas tradicionales para la detección temprana de EOAD.; Se evaluó la Herramienta de Evaluación Cognitiva basada en Tableta (TabCAT) de UCSF frente a datos clínicos y de biomarcadores.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Evaluar la validez de las pruebas cognitivas TabCAT frente a medidas neuropsicológicas tradicionales.; Determinar la capacidad de TabCAT para diferenciar a los pacientes con enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) según el estado del PET de amiloide-beta (Aβ).; Investigar la asociación entre el rendimiento de TabCAT y la imagenología PET de tau en pacientes con EOAD.

Principales métodos:

  • Se administró TabCAT (pruebas de función ejecutiva/atención y visuoespaciales) a 83 controles y 392 pacientes con EOAD.; Se analizaron las correlaciones entre TabCAT y las pruebas de lápiz y papel utilizando coeficientes de rango.; Se utilizaron análisis de curva característica operativa del receptor (ROC) para evaluar la discriminación de la positividad para Aβ-PET.; Los análisis voxel a voxel exploraron las asociaciones entre las puntuaciones de TabCAT y el PET de tau en pacientes positivos para Aβ.

Principales resultados:

  • Las pruebas de función ejecutiva de TabCAT (Match, Flanker) se correlacionaron fuertemente con pruebas cognitivas establecidas (MMSE, MoCA, Trails A).; Las pruebas visuoespaciales de TabCAT (Line Length, Line Orientation) se correlacionaron con tareas visuoespaciales (Benson Figure Copy, Trails A).; La prueba Match distinguió mejor a los pacientes positivos para Aβ de los negativos para Aβ (AUC=0.82), superando a MMSE y MoCA.; Las pruebas de función ejecutiva de TabCAT se correlacionaron con el PET de tau en áreas corticales; las pruebas visuoespaciales se correlacionaron con el PET de tau occipital.

Conclusiones:

  • TabCAT demuestra una buena validez concurrente con las evaluaciones cognitivas tradicionales.; Las puntuaciones de TabCAT se correlacionan con biomarcadores clave de la enfermedad de Alzheimer: positividad para PET de amiloide-beta y patrones específicos de PET de tau.; Estas medidas cognitivas digitales muestran un potencial significativo para la identificación y el diagnóstico tempranos de la EOAD.