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Incidentes de medicación y carga del cuidador informal: Un estudio transversal

P Ballester¹, E Gil-Hernández², C Pérez-Esteve²

¹Atenea Research Group, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research, Alicante, Spain; Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, UCAM Catholic University of Murcia, Guadalupe (Murcia), Spain.

Journal of healthcare quality research

|December 25, 2025

Resumen

La carga del cuidador informal está relacionada con incidentes de seguridad de la medicación en la atención domiciliaria. Abordar el bienestar del cuidador a través de intervenciones específicas y capacitación sensible al género puede reducir estos eventos de seguridad.

Área de la Ciencia:

Gerontología
Atención Sanitaria a Domicilio
Seguridad del Paciente

Sus antecedentes:

Los cuidadores informales desempeñan un papel crucial en la atención domiciliaria de personas mayores.
Los incidentes de seguridad de la medicación son una preocupación importante en los entornos de atención domiciliaria.
La carga emocional que experimentan los cuidadores puede afectar la seguridad del paciente.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar la asociación entre la carga emocional del cuidador informal y los incidentes de seguridad relacionados con la medicación.
Identificar los factores que contribuyen a los incidentes de seguridad de la medicación en la atención domiciliaria.

Principales métodos:

Estudio transversal en el que participaron cuidadores informales de pacientes de edad avanzada (mayores de 65 años).
Los cuidadores completaron la Escala de Carga del Cuidador de Zarit.
Se recopilaron informes de incidentes de seguridad de la medicación autoinformados.

Principales resultados:

El 25,6% de los cuidadores informaron incidentes de seguridad relacionados con la medicación.
La carga del cuidador se asoció de forma independiente con una mayor probabilidad de incidentes (OR 2,16).
El sexo masculino también se asoció de forma independiente con un mayor riesgo (OR 2,29).

Conclusiones:

La carga del cuidador se asocia significativamente con incidentes relacionados con la medicación en la atención domiciliaria.
Las intervenciones para apoyar el bienestar del cuidador informal son cruciales para reducir los eventos de seguridad.
Se recomienda la capacitación en seguridad de la medicación sensible al género y herramientas para aliviar la carga.

Palabras clave:

Sobrecarga del cuidador Cuidado domiciliario Seguridad de la medicación Personas mayores

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