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Estado de desarrollo y progreso de la investigación de péptidos hipoglucemiantes: una revisión

Wenxue Zhao¹, Xinhe Zhao¹, Yanan Li²

¹College of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, China.

International journal of biological macromolecules

|December 25, 2025

Resumen

Los péptidos hipoglucemiantes ofrecen una alternativa prometedora a los tratamientos tradicionales para la diabetes debido a su potente actividad y menores efectos secundarios. La investigación explora sus mecanismos, aplicaciones y potencial futuro en medicina y alimentos funcionales.

Área de la Ciencia:

Bioquímica
Farmacología
Ciencia de los alimentos

Sus antecedentes:

La diabetes mellitus es un trastorno metabólico caracterizado por hiperglucemia.
Los péptidos hipoglucemiantes son péptidos bioactivos con potencial para el manejo de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2.
Estos péptidos presentan ventajas sobre los fármacos de molécula pequeña, incluidas las vías de acción definidas y la menor toxicidad.

Objetivo del estudio:

Revisar las fuentes, preparación, análisis y purificación de péptidos hipoglucemiantes.
Centrarse en las funciones fisiológicas, los mecanismos de acción y las estructuras de estos péptidos.
Resumir las aplicaciones clínicas y preclínicas y explorar el potencial futuro en alimentos y medicina.

Principales métodos:

Revisión de la literatura existente sobre péptidos hipoglucemiantes.
Análisis de las estructuras de péptidos y su correlación con los efectos de reducción de glucosa.
Resumen de datos clínicos y preclínicos sobre aplicaciones de péptidos hipoglucemiantes.

Principales resultados:

Los péptidos hipoglucemiantes reducen la glucosa en sangre al inhibir enzimas clave como la a-glucosidasa, la a-amilasa y la dipeptidil peptidasa-4.
Los aminoácidos hidrofóbicos juegan un papel en sus efectos de reducción de glucosa.
La investigación existente apoya su aplicación en medicina y entornos preclínicos.

Conclusiones:

Los péptidos hipoglucemiantes demuestran un potencial significativo como agentes terapéuticos y alimentos funcionales para el manejo de la diabetes.
Se necesita más investigación para abordar las limitaciones actuales y guiar el desarrollo futuro.
Estos péptidos ofrecen una vía prometedora para nuevos tratamientos de la diabetes y el desarrollo de alimentos funcionales.

Palabras clave:

Antidiabético Biomédico Péptido hipoglucemiante

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