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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

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Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers

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Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
These markers indicate stress or strain on the heart muscle:
Natriuretic Peptides (BNP)
Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
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Dried Blood Spot Collection of Health Biomarkers to Maximize Participation in Population Studies
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Biomarcadores

Ting Qiu1,2,3,4, Zhen-Qi Liu5,6, Jonathan Gallego Rudolf5,7,8

  • 1Integrated Program in Neurosciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Los cambios cerebrales en la enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA), que incluyen el grosor cortical y la difusividad, comienzan años antes de los síntomas. Estas alteraciones estructurales siguen patrones no lineales en respuesta a la patología beta-amiloide (Aβ).

Palabras clave:
Enfermedad de AlzheimerPatología amiloideCambios cerebrales tempranosNeuroimagenGrosor corticalDifusividadEstudios longitudinalesBiomarcadoresProteínas tauEstudios transversales

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Neuroimaging; Alzheimer's Disease Research; Brain Structure Analysis

Sus antecedentes:

  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) involves amyloid-beta (Aβ) and tau pathology, typically linked to grey matter loss.; Preclinical AD may show increased cortical thickness (CT), contrasting with later-stage reductions.; Longitudinal data is crucial for understanding early structural changes in AD progression.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • To investigate the association between Aβ and tau pathology and brain structure (CT, mean diffusivity [MDT], hippocampal volume) over 10 years.; To determine the longitudinal trajectories of structural brain changes relative to Aβ positivity.; To explore changes across preclinical and prodromal stages of AD.

Principales métodos:

  • Partial least square analyses (PLS) were used to identify pathological-structural associations in Aβ-negative and Aβ-positive groups.; Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between AD pathology and structural measures were assessed.; Time from Aβ positivity onset was estimated to track structural changes over time.

Principales resultados:

  • Higher Aβ deposition correlated with decreased MDT and increased CT in Aβ-negative individuals.; Aβ-positive individuals showed opposite associations (increased MDT, decreased CT).; MDT followed a U-shaped pattern and CT an inverse U-shaped pattern with Aβ pathology, appearing years before Aβ positivity.

Conclusiones:

  • Brain structural changes in response to Aβ pathology commence decades before clinical symptoms.; These changes exhibit highly nonlinear trajectories, potentially involving neuroinflammation or brain swelling.; Understanding these early nonlinear changes is key for preclinical AD intervention.