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Manifestaciones Clínicas

Emily Post1, Genna M Mashinchi2, Taylor F Levine1

  • 1Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, NV, USA.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Las experiencias de discriminación impactan la función cognitiva y la independencia funcional de manera diferente entre los grupos raciales y étnicos. Los hallazgos sugieren impactos específicos en el declive funcional en personas hispanas/latinas, con relaciones complejas en adultos negros estadounidenses y blancos no hispanos.

Palabras clave:
discriminaciónfunción cognitivaindependencia funcionaladultos negros estadounidensesadultos hispanos/latinosadultos blancos no hispanos

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Neurociencia cognitiva; Determinantes sociales de la salud; Investigación de disparidades en salud

Sus antecedentes:

  • El estrés psicosocial y la discriminación se asocian con el declive cognitivo, particularmente la función ejecutiva.; Si bien los efectos cognitivos de la discriminación racial se estudian, otras formas de discriminación requieren una mayor investigación.; Este estudio examina la relación entre diversas formas de discriminación y el rendimiento cognitivo en diversas poblaciones adultas.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Evaluar la asociación entre las experiencias de discriminación (género, edad, ascendencia, religión, orientación sexual, apariencia física) y el rendimiento cognitivo.; Investigar estas relaciones en adultos negros estadounidenses (BA), hispanos/latinos (HL) y blancos no hispanos (NHW).; Explorar el impacto de la discriminación en las pruebas cognitivas y la independencia funcional.

Principales métodos:

  • Se utilizaron datos de 1647 participantes del Health and Aging Brain Study-Health Disparities (HABS-HD).; Se emplearon correlaciones de Spearman y modelos lineales generales (GLM) para analizar la discriminación autoinformada (Everyday Discrimination Scale [EDS]) frente a las puntuaciones cognitivas (SEVLT, TMTB) y la independencia funcional (CDR).; Se controlaron la edad, el sexo y la educación en los análisis estadísticos.

Principales resultados:

  • En adultos negros estadounidenses, una mayor discriminación se correlacionó con un mejor rendimiento en la Prueba de Trail Making Parte B (TMTB) y en el recuerdo diferido del SEVLT.; Los adultos blancos no hispanos con mayor discriminación mostraron vínculos débiles pero significativos con un mejor aprendizaje del SEVLT y puntuaciones TMTB.; Los adultos hispanos/latinos con mayor discriminación experimentaron una peor independencia funcional (CDR), un hallazgo respaldado por los GLM que controlan las covariables.

Conclusiones:

  • La discriminación parece afectar de manera única el declive funcional en personas hispanas/latinas.; Las relaciones inversas observadas en las cohortes de negros estadounidenses y blancos no hispanos justifican una mayor investigación.; Los efectos de la discriminación en la cognición son complejos y varían entre los grupos raciales/étnicos, lo que requiere estudios contextuales más amplios que incluyan los determinantes sociales y los factores de resiliencia.