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Manifestaciones Clínicas

Olivia Goulette1, Deling He1, Kristin E Basche1

  • 1Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin- Madison, Madison, WI, USA.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Un historial de lesión cerebral traumática (LCT) combinado con la acumulación temprana de amiloide en la enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) puede acelerar el deterioro de la comunicación, específicamente la reducción de la fluidez de letras y el aumento de la disfluencia del habla en personas sin deterioro cognitivo.

Palabras clave:
lesión cerebral traumáticaenfermedad de Alzheimeramiloidedeterioro cognitivofluidez del habla

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Neurociencia; Neurología; Ciencias Cognitivas

Sus antecedentes:

  • La lesión cerebral traumática (LCT) y la enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) deterioran independientemente las funciones cognitivas y del lenguaje.; La interacción entre el historial de LCT y los biomarcadores de la EA en los cambios cognitivos y del lenguaje longitudinales sigue siendo poco estudiada.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar cómo el historial de LCT interactúa con los predictores relacionados con la EA (amiloide, tau, APOE ε4) para afectar las trayectorias cognitivas y del lenguaje en individuos cognitivamente sanos.; Identificar indicadores tempranos de deterioro cognitivo y del lenguaje en el contexto de factores de riesgo combinados de LCT y EA.

Principales métodos:

  • Análisis de 308 participantes cognitivamente sanos del Registro de Prevención del Alzheimer de Wisconsin (WRAP).; Evaluación de la PET de amiloide y tau, el estado de APOE ε4 y el historial autoinformado de LCT.; Los modelos lineales mixtos examinaron las interacciones historial de LCT*edad en el funcionamiento ejecutivo, el procesamiento semántico-fonológico y las medidas del habla conectada, ajustando por covariables.

Principales resultados:

  • En participantes amiloides positivos (A+), el historial de LCT se asoció con un mayor declive promedio en la fluidez de letras (p=0,036) y el índice de fluidez (p=0,035), lo que indica un aumento de la disfluencia del habla.; No se encontraron asociaciones significativas entre el historial de LCT y los resultados longitudinales en subgrupos de portadores de tau positivos o APOE ε4.

Conclusiones:

  • El historial de LCT combinado con la acumulación temprana de amiloide puede acelerar el deterioro de la comunicación en individuos cognitivamente sanos.; Los hallazgos sugieren efectos compuestos de la LCT y la patología de la EA en la recuperación semántica y fonológica.; Los cambios tempranos en el lenguaje, incluida la reducción de la fluidez y el aumento de la disfluencia del habla, pueden servir como indicadores potenciales de deterioro futuro.