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Manifestaciones Clínicas

Sofía A Rodriguez-Araña1,2, Diana Carolina Oviedo1,2,3, Adam E Tratner4

  • 1Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Santa María la Antigua (USMA), Panamá, Panamá, Panama.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

La reserva cognitiva (RC) puede proteger contra el deterioro cognitivo relacionado con la neuroinflamación en adultos mayores. Mejorar la RC a través de la educación y la ocupación podría mitigar la discapacidad en los países en desarrollo.

Palabras clave:
reserva cognitivaneuroinflamaciónbiomarcadorescogniciónadultos mayoresdeterioro cognitivoeducaciónocupacióndiscapacidadpaíses en desarrollo

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Gerontología y Neurociencia
  • Biomarcadores y Patología de Enfermedades

Sus antecedentes:

  • La neurodegeneración se asocia con enfermedades cerebrovasculares (ECV), que afectan la función diaria y la salud cognitiva en adultos mayores.
  • Los biomarcadores en sangre pueden indicar neuroinflamación y problemas cerebrovasculares, mientras que la reserva cognitiva (RC) ofrece un amortiguador protector contra el deterioro cognitivo.
  • El acceso a experiencias que desarrollan la RC, como la educación y las ocupaciones complejas, es limitado en los países en desarrollo.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar la relación entre la reserva cognitiva (RC) y biomarcadores específicos en sangre (interleucina-18, molécula de adhesión celular vascular-1, molécula de adhesión intercelular soluble-1, polipéptido pancreático) en relación con la cognición.
  • Explorar los posibles roles mediadores de la RC en la asociación entre biomarcadores y función cognitiva.

Principales métodos:

  • Análisis transversal de dos muestras (N=429) del estudio Panama Aging Research Initiative-Health Disparities (PARI-HD), que incluye adultos sin demencia de ≥65 años.
  • La cognición global se evaluó mediante el Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE); la RC se calculó utilizando una puntuación compuesta de educación, complejidad ocupacional y Actividades Instrumentales de la Vida Diaria (AIVD).

Principales resultados:

  • Se observaron diferencias significativas por sexo y cohorte; los hombres eran generalmente mayores con ocupaciones más complejas y niveles más altos de IL18/PPP.
  • Los participantes de la Cohorte 1 eran mayores, menos educados, menos independientes y tenían niveles más altos de IL18, PPP, sVCAM1 y sICAM1 en comparación con la Cohorte 2.
  • Los análisis de mediación confirmaron que la RC media el efecto de sVCAM1 y sICAM1 sobre la cognición global, ajustando por edad, sexo y cohorte.

Conclusiones:

  • Existe una asociación significativa entre los biomarcadores neuroinflamatorios, la RC y la función cognitiva en adultos mayores.
  • Las políticas de salud pública destinadas a mejorar la RC podrían reducir las discapacidades relacionadas con la neuroinflamación en países en desarrollo como Panamá.