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Manifestaciones Clínicas

Matteo De Marco1, Sonia Di Tella2, Laura M Wright3

  • 1Brunel University London, Uxbridge, Middlesex, United Kingdom.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Las personas con deterioro cognitivo leve y demencia de Alzheimer (MCI/AD) muestran una reducción de las habilidades de agrupación y cambio durante las pruebas de fluidez de categoría (CF). Estos hallazgos sugieren un procesamiento semántico y un control alterados en MCI/AD.

Palabras clave:
deterioro cognitivo levedemencia de Alzheimerfluidez de categoríaagrupacióncambioprocesamiento semánticofunciones ejecutivas

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Neuropsicología
  • Neurociencia Cognitiva
  • Gerontología

Sus antecedentes:

  • El deterioro cognitivo leve y la demencia de Alzheimer (MCI/AD) afectan las funciones cognitivas, incluidas el lenguaje y las funciones ejecutivas.
  • El rendimiento de la fluidez de categoría (CF) es una medida sensible para evaluar la memoria semántica y el control ejecutivo.
  • Las habilidades de agrupación y cambio durante la CF son indicadores clave de la eficiencia del procesamiento semántico.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Realizar un metaanálisis que caracterice las habilidades de agrupación y cambio en adultos con MCI/AD durante las tareas de CF.
  • Comparar el rendimiento de los individuos con MCI/AD con los controles cognitivamente sanos.
  • Identificar posibles moderadores que influyan en el rendimiento de CF en MCI/AD.

Principales métodos:

  • Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica exhaustiva en múltiples bases de datos científicas.
  • Se emplearon modelos de metaanálisis para analizar datos de 29 estudios seleccionados, comparando individuos con MCI/AD (n=1778) con controles (n=3632).
  • Se extrajeron el tamaño medio del clúster (MCS) y el número de cambios (NOS) como resultados primarios, con la edad, la educación y las puntuaciones del Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) como moderadores.

Principales resultados:

  • Los individuos con MCI/AD demostraron tamaños de clúster promedio significativamente más pequeños (G=0.30, p<0.001) en comparación con los controles.
  • El grupo MCI/AD exhibió significativamente menos cambios (G=0.85, p<0.001) durante las tareas de CF.
  • Los recuentos estándar de CF y las puntuaciones del MMSE fueron predictores negativos significativos del tamaño del efecto, lo que indica un peor rendimiento con puntuaciones más bajas.

Conclusiones:

  • El tamaño medio del clúster (MCS) y el número de cambios (NOS) de la fluidez de categoría (CF) se reducen significativamente en individuos con MCI/AD.
  • Estos hallazgos resaltan déficits tanto en el procesamiento semántico automático (agrupación) como en las funciones ejecutivas controladas (cambio) en MCI/AD.
  • La cuantificación de MCS y NOS puede ayudar a evaluar los déficits de procesamiento semántico en entornos clínicos para personas con MCI/AD.