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Exposición de campos electromagnéticos 5G-NR afecta el desarrollo larvario del mosquito Aedes aegypti
Eline De Borre1, Charles De Massia2,3, Matthieu N Boone4
1Department of Information Technology, Ghent University - Imec, Ghent, 9000, Belgium. eline.deborre@ugent.be.
Scientific reports
|December 25, 2025
Resumen
Los campos electromagnéticos de radiofrecuencia (RF-EMF) de las redes de telecomunicaciones pueden afectar el desarrollo de los insectos. Este estudio encontró que las larvas del mosquito Aedes aegypti expuestas a RF-EMF mostraron un desarrollo más lento, particularmente en condiciones debilitadas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias Ambientales
- Entomología
- Electromagnetismo
Sus antecedentes:
- Las redes de telecomunicaciones, incluida la Nueva Radio 5G (5G-NR), emiten campos electromagnéticos de radiofrecuencia (RF-EMF).
- Los insectos están expuestos de forma generalizada a estos campos de RF-EMF.
- El mosquito Aedes aegypti es un vector importante de enfermedades como el dengue.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Cuantificar los efectos potenciales de la exposición a RF-EMF en el desarrollo de insectos.
- Investigar el impacto de RF-EMF en el mosquito Aedes aegypti como organismo modelo.
- Evaluar la influencia de las condiciones nutricionales variables en los efectos de RF-EMF.
Principales métodos:
- Se diseñó, construyó y caracterizó una cámara de reverberación personalizada para la exposición a RF-EMF.
- Se utilizaron simulaciones numéricas para calcular las dosis de radiación absorbida en las larvas.
- Las larvas de Aedes aegypti se criaron en dos regímenes de alimentación y se expusieron a RF-EMF a 3,6 GHz durante 5 días.
Principales resultados:
- La exposición a RF-EMF a 46,2 V/m (1,2 µW de potencia absorbida) resultó en un desarrollo larvario más lento, especialmente en larvas con peor nutrición.
- Una mayor exposición a RF-EMF a 182,6 V/m (18,7 µW de potencia absorbida) provocó cambios en el momento del desarrollo y el tamaño adulto debido al calentamiento dieléctrico.
- El estado nutricional influyó significativamente en la respuesta de las larvas a la exposición a RF-EMF.
Conclusiones:
- La exposición a RF-EMF puede afectar negativamente el desarrollo de los insectos, con efectos que varían según la intensidad del campo y el estado nutricional.
- El calentamiento dieléctrico de niveles más altos de RF-EMF puede alterar los plazos de desarrollo de los mosquitos y la morfología adulta.
- Se necesita más investigación para comprender las implicaciones ecológicas de RF-EMF en las poblaciones de insectos, especialmente en los vectores de enfermedades.
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