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During embryogenesis, cells become progressively committed to different fates through a two-step process: specification followed by determination. Specification is demonstrated by removing a segment of an early embryo, “neutrally” culturing the tissue in vitro—for example, in a petri dish with simple medium—and then observing the derivatives. If the cultured region gives rise to cell types that it would normally generate in the embryo, this means that it is specified. In...
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Neurulation is the embryological process which forms the precursors of the central nervous system and occurs after gastrulation has established the three primary cell layers of the embryo: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. In humans, the majority of this system is formed via primary neurulation, in which the central portion of the ectoderm—originally appearing as a flat sheet of cells—folds upwards and inwards, sealing off to form a hollow neural tube. As development proceeds, the...
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Source And Potency Of Stem Cells01:27

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells with extensive self-renewal properties that help them maintain their population during the fetal and adult stages of life. They can specialize in all cell types of the human body. However, their differential potential may vary and can be classified into five types. Stem cells can be (1) Totipotent, (2) Pluripotent, (3) Multipotent, (4) Oligopotent, and (5) Unipotent. Each stem cell has a specific origin; the fertilized egg or zygote is a totipotent cell and...
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A hair follicle or HF is a small part of the skin that produces the hair shaft. Paul Gerson Unna was the first to observe a bulge in the human hair follicle's outer root sheath (ORS). The bulge is present between the sebaceous gland and the arrector pili muscle and is the niche for hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs). The bulge is also a niche for melanocyte stem cells, and their loss results in graying of hair. The HFSCs express Sox9 and Lhx2, which help them maintain stemness and prevent...
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The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
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The development of all multicellular organisms starts with the fusion of haploid cells called sperm and egg to form a diploid zygote. A zygote is a totipotent cell that can develop into a complete organism. The zygote undergoes cell division or cleavage to form an 8-cell mass. Until this stage, the cells are spherical, loosely attached, and remain totipotent. Totipotent cells are capable of developing both the embryonic and the extraembryonic tissues. However, as they continue to divide, they...
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Video Experimental Relacionado

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Células de la Cresta Neural: Su Pluripotencia y Plasticidad

Tsutomu Motohashi1, Takahiro Kunisada2

  • 1Department of Molecular Design and Synthesis, Functional Biology Division, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan.

Stem cells and development
|December 25, 2025
PubMed
Resumen

Las células de la cresta neural (CN) son pluripotentes y plásticas, formando diversos tipos de células. La investigación muestra que las células madre de la cresta neural (CSCN) persisten, ofreciendo potencial para la biología del desarrollo y la medicina regenerativa.

Palabras clave:
pluripotenciacélulas madre de la cresta neuralplasticidad

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Biología del Desarrollo
  • Biología de Células Madre
  • Medicina Regenerativa

Sus antecedentes:

  • Las células de la cresta neural (CN) son células transitorias, migratorias y pluripotentes, cruciales para el desarrollo.
  • Las células CN generan diversos tipos de células, incluidas neuronas, glía, melanocitos y estructuras craneofaciales.
  • Las células madre pluripotentes de la cresta neural (CSCN) se encuentran en tejidos fetales y adultos.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Revisar los avances en la comprensión de las células CN y CSCN.
  • Explorar los perfiles transcripcionales y la plasticidad de las células CN.
  • Identificar los factores de transcripción que mantienen la pluripotencia de las células CN.

Principales métodos:

  • Revisión de análisis transcriptómicos integradores y de alto rendimiento recientes.
  • Análisis de perfiles genéticos y moleculares de células CN.
  • Síntesis de la investigación actual sobre la pluripotencia y plasticidad de las células CN.

Principales resultados:

  • Las células CN exhiben una notable diversidad transcripcional, expresando genes de pluripotencia, especificación de linaje y diferenciación.
  • La evidencia indica que las células CN retienen la pluripotencia durante la migración embrionaria.
  • Las CSCN persisten en los tejidos diana, demostrando una pluripotencia sostenida.

Conclusiones:

  • Las células CN y CSCN poseen una pluripotencia y plasticidad significativas.
  • Comprender los factores de transcripción de las células CN es clave para su pluripotencia.
  • Las células CN y CSCN prometen aplicaciones en medicina regenerativa.