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Manifestaciones Clínicas

Moira McKniff1, Marina Kaplan1, Sophia L Holmqvist1

  • 1Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association
|December 26, 2025
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

El funcionamiento ejecutivo (FE) en adultos mayores está relacionado con las tareas diarias. La inhibición y la memoria de trabajo, no el cambio de tareas, predicen significativamente el rendimiento y la precisión en las tareas diarias.

Palabras clave:
funcionamiento ejecutivoadultos mayoresmemoria de trabajoinhibicióntareas diarias

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Neurociencia Cognitiva; Gerontología; Neuropsicología

Sus antecedentes:

  • El funcionamiento ejecutivo (FE) es crucial para las actividades diarias en adultos mayores.
  • Los roles de los componentes específicos del FE en la finalización de tareas diarias siguen sin estar claros.
  • Este estudio investiga el vínculo entre medidas detalladas del FE y el funcionamiento en el mundo real.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Determinar si las medidas de funcionamiento ejecutivo basadas en computadora predicen el funcionamiento diario.
  • Identificar qué componentes específicos del funcionamiento ejecutivo (cambio, memoria de trabajo, inhibición) son más vitales para las tareas diarias.

Principales métodos:

  • 186 adultos mayores completaron la batería NIH EXAMINER que evalúa la inhibición, el cambio de tareas y la memoria de trabajo.
  • Los participantes también realizaron la Prueba de Acción Naturalista (NAT), que evalúa la preparación del desayuno y el almuerzo.
  • El rendimiento del NAT se midió por errores sutiles (microerrores) y la velocidad de finalización de la tarea (tasa de logro).

Principales resultados:

  • La inhibición y la memoria de trabajo predijeron significativamente microerrores en el NAT, incluso después de controlar la edad y la educación.
  • Estos componentes del FE también predijeron la tasa de logro (velocidad) en el NAT.
  • La capacidad de cambio de tareas no predijo significativamente la precisión ni la velocidad en la tarea de funcionamiento diario.

Conclusiones:

  • Las medidas basadas en computadora de la inhibición y la memoria de trabajo son predictores sólidos de la precisión y la velocidad en el funcionamiento diario en adultos mayores.
  • Las intervenciones dirigidas a mejorar el funcionamiento diario en adultos mayores pueden ser más efectivas si se dirigen a las habilidades de memoria de trabajo e inhibición.
  • Centrarse en mejorar la memoria de trabajo y la inhibición puede producir mejores resultados que centrarse en las habilidades de cambio de tareas.