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Manifestaciones Clínicas

Jeremy A Elman1,2, Erik Buchholz1,3, Rouhui Chen4

  • 1University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association
|December 26, 2025
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Los efectos de la práctica (EP) persisten durante años en las pruebas cognitivas, incluso con largos intervalos. El ajuste de los EP en estudios longitudinales es crucial para la detección y el diagnóstico precisos de MCI.

Palabras clave:
efectos de la prácticapruebas cognitivasestudios longitudinalesdeterioro cognitivoenvejecimiento

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Neurociencia; Gerontología; Psicología Cognitiva

Sus antecedentes:

  • La repetición de pruebas cognitivas puede provocar efectos de práctica (EP), que influyen en el rendimiento a lo largo del tiempo.; El ajuste de los EP es importante para la detección precisa del deterioro cognitivo leve (MCI) y la validez de la concordancia de biomarcadores de Alzheimer.; La persistencia de los EP en múltiples seguimientos a largo plazo, junto con el declive relacionado con la edad, requiere una mayor investigación.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Examinar la persistencia de los efectos de la práctica (EP) a lo largo de 17 años en una muestra no clínica desde la mediana edad hasta la vejez.; Evaluar el impacto del ajuste por EP en las puntuaciones cognitivas y la prevalencia de deterioro cognitivo leve (MCI) a lo largo del tiempo.; Determinar la medida en que los EP influyen en las evaluaciones cognitivas longitudinales en el envejecimiento.

Principales métodos:

  • Se utilizaron datos del Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging (VETSA) con 1.608 participantes masculinos en 4 oleadas (edades 56-73).; Se estimaron los EP para 30 pruebas utilizando ecuaciones de estimación generalizadas, comparando a los que regresaron con los reemplazos por deserción en cada oleada.; Se calcularon las puntuaciones cognitivas ajustadas y no ajustadas por EP para múltiples dominios y se comparó la prevalencia de MCI antes y después del ajuste por EP.

Principales resultados:

  • Se observaron EP significativos para numerosas pruebas cognitivas en todas las oleadas de seguimiento, particularmente en la memoria episódica y visual.; Las puntuaciones cognitivas ajustadas por EP fueron consistentemente más bajas que las puntuaciones no ajustadas, excepto para la fluidez.; La prevalencia de MCI aumentó hasta en un 20% después del ajuste por EP, lo que indica una detección más temprana.

Conclusiones:

  • Los efectos de la práctica (EP) son persistentes en múltiples décadas y largos intervalos de prueba.; Incluso los EP menores pueden afectar significativamente las puntuaciones cognitivas, lo que lleva a una identificación más temprana del deterioro cognitivo leve (MCI).; La consideración de los EP en estudios longitudinales es esencial para un diagnóstico preciso, una mayor eficiencia de los ensayos clínicos y una reducción de los costos.