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Manifestaciones Clínicas

Javier Oltra1, Ingrid Ekström1, Maria Larsson2

  • 1Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association
|December 26, 2025
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

La disfunción olfativa (DO) y el deterioro cognitivo (DC) combinados aumentan significativamente el riesgo de demencia, especialmente en los primeros seis años. La DO aislada también predice el riesgo de demencia con el tiempo, lo que sugiere su potencial como marcador diagnóstico temprano.

Palabras clave:
Deterioro cognitivoDisfunción olfativaDemenciaRiesgo de demenciaMarcador tempranoEstudio longitudinalEstudios de cohorteEpidemiologíaSuecia

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Neurología; Gerontología; Biomarcadores

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los marcadores olfativos y cognitivos muestran promesa en la estratificación del riesgo de demencia.; Investigar los efectos combinados y aislados de la disfunción olfativa (DO) y el deterioro cognitivo (DC) en la incidencia de demencia.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Examinar la asociación de la DO y el DC aislados y combinados con la incidencia de demencia durante 12 años.; Evaluar si esta asociación varía en dos períodos de tiempo: 0-6 años y 6-12 años.

Principales métodos:

  • Se evaluó la identificación de olores y la función cognitiva en 2406 adultos mayores del estudio SNAC-K.; Los análisis de regresión de Cox estimaron el riesgo de demencia para DO aislada, DC aislada y CIND+DO combinada.; La regresión de Laplace evaluó el tiempo hasta el diagnóstico de demencia del 5% dentro de cada grupo.

Principales resultados:

  • La combinación de CIND+DO mostró el mayor riesgo de demencia (RR 11,38), particularmente para CIND amnésico (RR 22,23) dentro de los primeros 6 años.; La DO aislada se asoció con un mayor riesgo de demencia durante ambos períodos de 12 años (RR 2,12).; La CIND aislada aumentó el riesgo de demencia solo en los primeros 6 años (RR 3,38).

Conclusiones:

  • El deterioro cognitivo concurrente y la disfunción olfativa pueden indicar demencia incipiente, especialmente en individuos amnésicos.; La disfunción olfativa sirve como un marcador temprano independiente potencial para la demencia.