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Manifestaciones Clínicas

Caitlin S Latimer1, Rod L Walker2, Marika Bogdani1

  • 1University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association
|December 26, 2025
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

La demencia por enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) muestra una neuropatología variada entre los subgrupos cognitivos. Los subgrupos de demencia por EA con deterioro de la memoria y el lenguaje tuvieron mayores LATE y esclerosis hipocampal, mientras que los subgrupos con deterioro visuoespacial tuvieron fases de Thal más bajas.

Palabras clave:
Enfermedad de AlzheimerNeuropatologíaHeterogeneidadSubgrupos cognitivosMarcadores neuropatológicos

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Neuropatología
  • Neurociencia
  • Gerontología

Sus antecedentes:

  • La demencia por enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) es reconocida como una condición heterogénea.
  • La subclasificación de la demencia por EA basada en el rendimiento de las pruebas cognitivas en el momento del diagnóstico puede revelar patologías subyacentes distintas.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Comparar los hallazgos neuropatológicos en diferentes subgrupos de demencia por enfermedad de Alzheimer.
  • Investigar si los perfiles cognitivos en el momento del diagnóstico se correlacionan con marcadores neuropatológicos específicos.

Principales métodos:

  • Se utilizaron datos del estudio de cohortes prospectivas Adult Changes in Thought (ACT).
  • Se clasificó a los participantes con demencia por EA probable o posible en subgrupos basados en el rendimiento cognitivo (memoria, función ejecutiva, lenguaje, visuoespacial).
  • Se analizaron datos neuropatológicos post mortem, incluida la patología tipo Alzheimer, LATE, cuerpos de Lewy y esclerosis hipocampal, utilizando regresión logística ordinal.

Principales resultados:

  • Se examinaron 358 personas con demencia por EA, clasificadas en subgrupos como EA-Memoria, EA-Lenguaje, EA-Visuoespacial y EA-Ejecutiva.
  • Se encontraron patrones distintos de neuropatología en los subgrupos: las fases de Thal fueron más altas en EA-Memoria y más bajas en EA-Visuoespacial.
  • Se observó una mayor etapa LATE y esclerosis hipocampal en los subgrupos EA-Lenguaje y EA-Memoria en comparación con EA-Visuoespacial.

Conclusiones:

  • Los patrones neuropatológicos difieren significativamente entre los subgrupos de demencia por enfermedad de Alzheimer definidos cognitivamente.
  • Estos hallazgos respaldan la heterogeneidad de la demencia por EA a nivel neuropatológico.
  • Se necesita más investigación para explorar las diferencias en la historia natural y otras características entre estos subgrupos.