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Manifestaciones Clínicas

Sheila Castro-Suarez1,2, Jonathan Adrian Zegarra-Valdivia1,3, Erik Alberto Guevara-Silva2

  • 1Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association
|December 26, 2025
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

La Evaluación Cognitiva Telefónica de Montreal (T-MoCA) evalúa eficazmente el deterioro cognitivo en pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson (EP) de forma remota. El nivel educativo influye significativamente en el rendimiento cognitivo en personas con EP.

Palabras clave:
Enfermedad de ParkinsonDeterioro cognitivoT-MoCAEvaluación remotaEducación

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Neurología
  • Neurociencia
  • Gerontología

Sus antecedentes:

  • El deterioro cognitivo leve (DCL) y la demencia son síntomas no motores significativos en la enfermedad de Parkinson (EP).
  • El cribado cognitivo remoto es crucial para la toma de decisiones clínicas oportuna en pacientes con EP.
  • La Evaluación Cognitiva Telefónica de Montreal (T-MoCA) ofrece una solución práctica para la evaluación cognitiva remota.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Evaluar la eficacia del T-MoCA en la diferenciación de los niveles de deterioro cognitivo en pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson (EP).
  • Explorar la correlación entre los factores sociodemográficos y el rendimiento cognitivo en la EP.

Principales métodos:

  • Estudio transversal realizado de forma remota en Lima, Perú (2022-2024).
  • Se evaluó a 155 pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson utilizando T-MoCA, Escala de Depresión Geriátrica (GDS) y Cuestionario de Actividades Funcionales de Pfeffer.
  • Los análisis estadísticos incluyeron ANOVA para comparaciones de grupos y correlación de Spearman para relaciones entre variables.

Principales resultados:

  • El T-MoCA diferenció exitosamente entre grupos cognitivamente no afectados (puntuación media 19,4), con deterioro cognitivo leve (DCL) (puntuación media 16,1) y con demencia (puntuación media 10,1).
  • Los años de educación mostraron una correlación positiva con las puntuaciones del T-MoCA (abstracción, repetición de frases).
  • Las puntuaciones más altas del T-MoCA se correlacionaron con una menor dependencia funcional (Puntuación de Pfeffer).

Conclusiones:

  • El T-MoCA es una herramienta remota validada para evaluar el estado cognitivo en la enfermedad de Parkinson.
  • Los factores sociodemográficos, en particular la educación, desempeñan un papel vital en el rendimiento cognitivo de los pacientes con EP.
  • Las herramientas de evaluación remota como el T-MoCA son esenciales para el manejo de los síntomas no motores en la EP.