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Manifestaciones Clínicas

María Alejandra Castro Arbeláez^1,2,3,4,5, Daisy M Acosta^6,7, Eva María Arrollo-Anlló^1,2

¹Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.

Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association

|December 26, 2025

Resumen

Los olores familiares como el chocolate y el limón pueden mejorar la autoconciencia en pacientes con Alzheimer. Este estudio exploró la estimulación olfativa

Área de la Ciencia:

Neurociencia
Gerontología
Psicología

Sus antecedentes:

La enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) representa un desafío creciente para la salud mundial con curas limitadas.
La estimulación olfativa ofrece una intervención no farmacológica potencial, particularmente para la memoria semántica, que se ve menos afectada en la EA.
Los olores familiares pueden evocar recuerdos autobiográficos, lo que podría afectar la autoconciencia en personas con EA.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar el impacto de la estimulación olfativa familiar en la autoconciencia en personas con enfermedad de Alzheimer en etapa temprana a moderada.
Evaluar el papel de la memoria autobiográfica en la respuesta a estímulos olfativos en pacientes con Alzheimer.
Explorar una nueva estrategia de intervención cognitiva para la enfermedad de Alzheimer en el contexto de América Latina.

Principales métodos:

Un diseño experimental que involucra estimulación olfativa familiar (chocolate, limón) y un placebo (agua destilada).
Se administraron pruebas neuropsicológicas para evaluar la memoria episódica y semántica autobiográfica.
El estudio incluyó a 50 participantes (25 experimentales, 25 placebo) con enfermedad de Alzheimer en etapa temprana a moderada en Bogotá, Colombia.

Principales resultados:

Los hallazgos preliminares indican cambios positivos en la autopercepción en personas con la enfermedad de Alzheimer después de la estimulación olfativa.
El estudio está en curso y se espera que el análisis final de los datos esté disponible en mayo de 2025.

Conclusiones:

La estimulación olfativa familiar, particularmente con olores como el chocolate y el limón, muestra ser prometedora para mejorar la autoconciencia en la enfermedad de Alzheimer temprana a moderada.
La memoria autobiográfica puede desempeñar un papel crucial en los efectos observados de la estimulación olfativa en la autoconciencia.
Esta investigación podría allanar el camino para intervenciones no farmacológicas accesibles para pacientes con Alzheimer, con implicaciones para la población latinoamericana.

Palabras clave:

Alzheimer autoconciencia estimulación olfativa memoria autobiográfica intervención cognitiva

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