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Apego inseguro y funcionamiento reflexivo alterado median la asociación entre el trauma infantil y el comportamiento
Alessandro Alberto Rossi1,2, Andrea Tagliagambe3, Stefania Mannarini1,2
1Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education, and Applied Psychology, Section of Applied Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
Frontiers in psychology
|December 26, 2025
Resumen
El trauma infantil se relaciona con los comportamientos de pastoreo a través de la ansiedad de apego y el funcionamiento reflexivo alterado. Estos factores psicológicos median la relación, destacando los objetivos de intervención en los trastornos alimentarios.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Psicología
- Psiquiatría
- Trastornos de la alimentación
Sus antecedentes:
- El pastoreo, un comportamiento alimentario clínicamente significativo, implica pequeñas ingestas repetitivas de alimentos, a menudo relacionadas con malos resultados de cirugía bariátrica.
- Si bien el trauma infantil se asocia con los trastornos de la alimentación, los mecanismos psicológicos del pastoreo no están claros.
- Las teorías del desarrollo proponen que el trauma temprano interrumpe el apego y la regulación emocional a través de déficits de mentalización, lo que podría conducir a trastornos de la alimentación.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar los roles mediadores de la inseguridad del apego y el funcionamiento reflexivo alterado en la relación entre el trauma infantil y los comportamientos de pastoreo.
- Probar un modelo de desarrollo informado sobre el trauma para comprender el pastoreo.
Principales métodos:
- Estudio transversal con 681 adultos italianos.
- Se utilizaron medidas de autoinforme.
- Se empleó el modelado de ecuaciones estructurales con variables latentes y remuestreo de bootstrap (5000 iteraciones).
Principales resultados:
- El trauma infantil se correlacionó con la ansiedad de apego y la evitación.
- La ansiedad de apego medió significativamente el vínculo entre el trauma infantil y el funcionamiento reflexivo alterado.
- El funcionamiento reflexivo alterado fue el predictor más fuerte de los comportamientos de pastoreo, y la vía de mediación completa explicó el 36,4% de la varianza.
Conclusiones:
- Los hallazgos respaldan un modelo de desarrollo informado sobre el trauma para los comportamientos de pastoreo.
- La ansiedad de apego y el funcionamiento reflexivo alterado son mediadores clave que vinculan el trauma temprano con la alimentación problemática.
- Las intervenciones basadas en la mentalización dirigidas a la inseguridad del apego pueden beneficiar a las personas con antecedentes de trauma y comportamientos de pastoreo.
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